Chronic tonsillitis and biofilms: a brief overview of treatment modalities

Bakar, Muhamad Abu; McKimm, Judy; Haque, Seraj Zohurul; Majumder, Anwarul Azim; Haque, Mainul

doi:10.2147/jir.s162486

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…Biofilm affinity is associated to a firm attachment of the microbe and biofilm-forming microbes have a great tendency to stick permanently to the large variety of surfaces [ 3 ]. These tiny creatures’ biofilms are protected by a layer of exopolysaccharides, which can be up to 1000 times more resistant to antimicrobials, which has increased exponentially the rate of chronic infections caused by increased resistance against the host immune system and antibiotics [ 4 , 5 ]. Among such microbes is Candida albicans , a well-known resistant nosocomial bacterium primarily known for being the main cause of infectious diseases [ 6 ] such as oral thrush [ 7 ], vaginitis [ 8 ] organ transplant recipients [ 9 ] and forms of cancer in HIV/AIDS patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Biomolecules in Withania coagulans Extract for Bioreductive Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antifungal and Biofilm Activity

et al. 2020

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Withania coagulans contains a complex mixture of various bioactive compounds. In order to reduce the complexity of the plant extract to purify its phytochemical biomolecules, a novel fractionation strategy using different solvent combination ratios was applied to isolate twelve bioactive fractions. These fractions were tested for activity in the biogenic synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles, biofilm and antifungal activities. The results revealed that plant extract with bioactive fractions in 30% ratio for all solvent combinations showed more potent bioreducing power, according to the observed color changes and the appearance of representative absorption peaks at 500–510 nm in the UV-visible spectra which confirm the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs). XRD diffraction was used to define the crystal structure, size and phase composition of the products. The fractions obtained using 90% methanol/hexane and 30% methanol/hexane showed more effectiveness against biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus so these fractions could potentially be used to treat bacterial infections. The 90% hexane/H2O fraction showed excellent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, while the 70% methanol/hexane fraction showed good antifungal activity for C. albicans, so these fractions are potentially useful for the treatment of various fungal infections. On the whole it was concluded that fractionation based on effective combinations of methanol/hexane was useful to investigate and study bioactive compounds, and the active compounds from these fractions may be further purified and tested in various clinical trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation of Biomolecules in Withania coagulans Extract for Bioreductive Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antifungal and Biofilm Activity

et al. 2020

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“…It can be assumed that the high degree of bacteria adhesion to epithelial surfaces serves as a basis for massive bacterial colonization, which is observed in EBV tonsillitis with the formation of membranous layers [22][23][24]. In addition to the massive adhesion of bacteria, mainly cocci, on the cells of the superficial epithelium of the tonsils of the pharynx, the phenomenon of bacterial invasion of epitheliocytes in acute EBV infection is still insufficiently studied.…”

Section: Discussion Of Research Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The investigation of bacterial adhesion of palatine tonsils epithelial cells in patient with infectious mononucleosis

et al. 2021

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Aim. To evaluate the features of pharynx tonsils mucous membrane colonization by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms by using the pharynx palatine tonsils epithelium electron microscopic examination of the patients with infectious mononucleosis and acute streptococcal tonsillitis. Materials and methods. Two patients – patient P., 12 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis and patient A., 8 years old with confirmed acute streptococcal tonsillitis. The patients were taken a bacteriological examination of the mucus and epithelium scraping from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsils. Tissue samples were examined in the electron microscopy laboratory of the Lviv National University. Results and discussion. 36 tonsils epithelial tissue micro preparations of patient A. and 41 micro preparations of patient P. were studied. Streptococcus pyogenes, Str. pneumoniae, Str. viridans, Сandida albicans, as well as non-pathogenic bacteria: Diphtheroides sp., Neisseria sp., Corynebacterium spp. were identified as result of the patient P. bacteriological examination of mucus from the surface of the pharyngeal tonsils. Staph. aureus, Str. viridans, Str. pneumoniae were identified during a bacteriological examination of patient A. Eosinophils with a two-segmented nucleus, specific granularity, phagocytosed spherical bacteria in the cytoplasm were detected during the histological examination of the materials taken from the surface of the patient’s tonsils with acute tonsillitis. Research showed that bacteria were accumulated not only in the structure of extracellular detritus. Numerous bacteria accumulations were also found in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the patient with infectious mononucleosis. The cell's shape looked like a bunch of grapes. Conclusions. The electron microscopic examination showed differences in the coccal flora localization: the extracellular localization of bacteria in the patient with acute bacterial tonsillitis and intraepithelial presence of the bacteria in the patient with tonsillitis during infectious mononucleosis were found.

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“…Although the antibacterial resistance profile was not broad, the biofilm growth testing revealed that five out of nine S. aureus isolates and four out of five K. pneumoniae isolates were biofilm producers. Microorganisms in biofilms were distinctively more resistant to antimicrobial agents and environmental insults and were therefore more difficult to eradicate [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recurrent tonsillitis is an infection of the palatine tonsils, which is characterized by recurrent episodes of tonsillitis, resulting in continuous discomfort in the throat, collections of debris in the palatine crypts, halitosis and cervical lymphadenopathy. Acute symptoms (episodes of tonsillitis) are induced by bacteria released from tonsillar crypts [1] Chronic symptoms are caused by bacteria sheltered within the tonsillar crypts leading to prolonged interaction with the host's immune system [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S. aureus and K. pneumoniae on the Surface and within Core of Tonsils in Adults with Recurrent Tonsillitis

2021

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Background and Objectives: Recurrent tonsillitis is an infection of the palatine tonsils. Samples for microbiological testing are usually obtained from the inflamed surface of the tonsils. Colonizing the surface bacteria does not always correlate with pathogens causing recurrent tonsillitis and there is no consensus or this in research studies. The aim of the study was to compare whether Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) differ when isolated from the tonsillar surface or tonsillar crypts in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Materials and Methods: a case series study was conducted at a tertiary referral center among 25 patients diagnosed with recurrent tonsillitis. An evaluation of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae incidence, biofilm formation and antibacterial susceptibility was performed. Results: There was a statistically significant association between surface and punch biopsy samples for S. aureus (Fisher’s Exact test p = 0.004) and K. pneumoniae (Fisher’s Exact test p < 0.001). A McNemar test did not reveal a statistically significant association. Although the antibacterial resistance profile was not broad, five out of nine S. aureus isolates were biofilm producers and four out of five K. pneumoniae isolates were biofilm producers. Conclusions: Surface and core cultures of tonsils are comparable with a differing incidence between the surface and the punch biopsy cultures for S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. A larger quantity of bacteria exist in surface samples suggesting that a biopsy sample may be less challenging in evaluating recurrent tonsillitis. We recommend that antibacterial susceptibility results are considered alongside the biofilm-forming potential of isolated bacteria.

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Chronic tonsillitis and biofilms: a brief overview of treatment modalities

Cited by 49 publications

References 132 publications

Fractionation of Biomolecules in Withania coagulans Extract for Bioreductive Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antifungal and Biofilm Activity

Fractionation of Biomolecules in Withania coagulans Extract for Bioreductive Nanoparticle Synthesis, Antifungal and Biofilm Activity

The investigation of bacterial adhesion of palatine tonsils epithelial cells in patient with infectious mononucleosis

S. aureus and K. pneumoniae on the Surface and within Core of Tonsils in Adults with Recurrent Tonsillitis

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