Chronic Toxicity of Gadolinium Oxide for Mice Following Exposure by Inhalation

Ball, R. A.; Gelder, G. Van

doi:10.1080/00039896.1966.10664625

“…Although more extensive study is required to answer the question about why the dose-response curve of the percent mortality is bell-shaped, the colloid formation of ionic RE in blood at higher doses of RE chlorides or nitrates might be resposible for the unusual dose-response curve in lethality. A marked increase in death due to pneumonia was found in mice when they were subacutely exposed to 30 mg/m3 of Gd2O3 dust (6 hr/day, 5 days/week, and up to 120 days) (106). Effects ofRare Earths on the Lung.…”

Section: Exposure To Rare Earthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that intratracheal instillation of YC13 caused granulomatous changes in the rat lung (16). Inhalational exposure to high concentrations of Gd2O3 (106) and intratracheal instillation of YCI3 (16), LaCl3 (17), and GdCl3 (107) have been shown to cause pneumonitis and acute inflammation in the lung, e.g., infiltration of neutrophils and leakage of enzymes and proteins into the alveolar space, in mice and rats. The acute toxicity of YC13 in the rat lung was between those of ZnO and Cd compounds, judging from dose-related changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (16).…”

Section: Exposure To Rare Earthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Rare Earths and Related Compounds

Hirano¹,

Suzuki²

1996

Environmental Health Perspectives

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“…Although more extensive study is required to answer the question about why the dose-response curve of the percent mortality is bell-shaped, the colloid formation of ionic RE in blood at higher doses of RE chlorides or nitrates might be resposible for the unusual dose-response curve in lethality. A marked increase in death due to pneumonia was found in mice when they were subacutely exposed to 30 mg/m3 of Gd2O3 dust (6 hr/day, 5 days/week, and up to 120 days) (106). Effects ofRare Earths on the Lung.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that intratracheal instillation of YC13 caused granulomatous changes in the rat lung (16). Inhalational exposure to high concentrations of Gd2O3 (106) and intratracheal instillation of YCI3 (16), LaCl3 (17), and GdCl3 (107) have been shown to cause pneumonitis and acute inflammation in the lung, e.g., infiltration of neutrophils and leakage of enzymes and proteins into the alveolar space, in mice and rats. The acute toxicity of YC13 in the rat lung was between those of ZnO and Cd compounds, judging from dose-related changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (16).…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure, metabolism, and toxicity of rare earths and related compounds.

Hirano

¹

,

Suzuki

²

1996

Environ Health Perspect

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For the past three decades, most attention in heavy metal toxicology has been paid to cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and tin because these metals widely polluted the environment. However, with the development of new materials in the last decade, the need for toxicological studies on those new materials has been increasing. A group of rare earths (RE) is a good example. Although some RE have been used for superconductors, plastic magnets, and ceramics, few toxicological data are available compared to other heavy metals described above. Because chemical properties of RE are very similar, it is plausible that their binding affinities to biomolecules, metabolism, and toxicity in the living system are also very similar. In this report, we present an overview of the metabolism and health hazards of RE and related compounds, including our recent studies.ImagesFigure 1. AFigure 1. BFigure 1. C

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“…Studies in which mice were exposed to gadolinium aerosols have produced pulmonary lesions similar to those observed in guinea pigs (Ball and Van Gelder 1966). However, Mogilevskaya and Raikhlin ( 1967) reported that intratracheal administration of different rare earths to rats produced qualitatively different lesions than those observed in guinea pigs or mice.…”

Section: Inhalation Toxicology Of Stable Lanthanides In Laboratory Anmentioning

confidence: 93%

Pulmonary Toxicity of Stable and Radioactive Lanthanides

Haley¹

1991

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The pulmonary toxicity of inhaled lanthanides has been the subject of debate. In question have been the relative contributions of radioactive vs. stable elements in the development of lanthanide-associated progressive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. The central question of this debate is: Are lanthanide dusts that are devoid of radioactive contaminants capable of producing progressive pulmonary disease, or are lanthanide-induced lesions more appropriately termed "benign pneumoconioses"? This paper examines the epidemiologic and experimental record in order to answer the above question. It is clear from the available data that significant pathogenic potential of inhaled lanthanides exists and is related to the type and physicochemical form of the material inhaled and to the dose and duration of exposure. Contamination of the dust with radioactive materials may accelerate and enhance the pathologic response, depending on the form and dose of radioactivity encountered. Nevertheless, there is little evidence to suggest that the level of radioactive contamination of occupationally encountered lanthanide dusts is sufficient to be included as a risk factor for pulmonary disease. Thus, the pulmonary syndrome induced by stable rare earths includes progressive pulmonary fibrosis and should not be referred to as "benign pneumoconiosis."

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Chronic Toxicity of Gadolinium Oxide for Mice Following Exposure by Inhalation

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Rare Earths and Related Compounds

Exposure, Metabolism, and Toxicity of Rare Earths and Related Compounds

Exposure, metabolism, and toxicity of rare earths and related compounds.

Pulmonary Toxicity of Stable and Radioactive Lanthanides

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