Chronic Venous Insufficiency in Italy: The 24-cities Cohort Study

Chiesa, Roberto; Marone, Enrico Maria; Limoni, Costanzo; Volonté, Marina; Schaefer, Eckhard; Petrini, Orlando

doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.06.005

Cited by 83 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Age was recognised as the most important risk in early epidemiologic studies and also in recent epidemiologic studies, incorporated the CEAP classification, clinical and duplex evaluation into the study design 6,7 . Older cross sectional studies have been based on self-assessed diagnosis and the clinical classification of the varicose veins has not been adapted to the CEAP classification, which is now recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The role of obesity was controversial. Some studies have found increased the risk of varicose veins in overweight and obesity 3,8,9 but not other studies 6,7 . In addition, some studies have found different risk for women and for men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age and obesity have been also described to promote varicosity 1,3,5 . Age was the most important risk factor for varicose veins (C 1 -C 2 , according to the CEAP) and chronic venous insufficiency (C 3 -C 6 , according to the CEAP) in all recent studies [6][7][8][9] . The role of obesity was controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Age, Body Mass Index and Severity of Primary Chronic Venous Disease

Musil

Kaletová²,

Herman³

2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim. The aim of this cross-sectional prospective study was investigate whether there is a correlation between age, BMI and severity of chronic venous disease (CVD), evaluated clinically (CEAP classification) and anatomically (extent of the epifascial venous reflux).Methods. 213 patients, 65 males (30.5%, mean age 45.1±13.9 years) and 148 females (69.5%, mean age 47.5±13.5 years) were divided into three age categories: 18-40 years (40.8%), 41-74 years (56.3%) and ≥75years (2.8%). BMI was classified as normal weight (18.5 -<25 kg/m 2 ), overweight (25 -<30 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (≥30 kg/m 2 ). Clinical examination of the lower limbs assessed presence and severity of venous signs as included in the CEAP classification. BMI was calculated. Anatomical extent of CVD was described as the number of segments of the superficial and perforating veins with documented reflux by duplex imaging.Results. Median age increased the number of insufficient venous segments (1 insufficient venous segment -median age 41.0 years, 5 insufficient venous segments -median age 51.0 years). The frequency of reflux in the superficial and perforating veins sign i ficantly increased with age (p<0.05). A statistically significan correlation was also found between age and the CEAP classification (p<0.01). This was more significant than the correlation between age and number of insufficient venous segments. In the whole group and in women the Spearman's correlation analysis revealed only a weak positive correlation between BMI and reflux in the superficial veins (r=0.145 respectively r=0.264) (p<0.05). No correlation was found in men (r=0.091). Weak positive correlation between BMI and stage of venous insufficiency (CEAP classification) was demonstrated for the whole group of patients (r=0.229, p<0.01), for women (r=0.293, p<0.05) and for men (r=0.245, p<0.01). Multiple linear regression showed age (p<0.0001) and BMI (p=0.049) as significant predictors of clinical grade according to the CEAP classification and the CEAP clinical class (p<0.0001) as a significant predictor of extent of the epifascial venous reflux.Conclusions. The study confirmed the relationship between age, clinical (CEAP clinical class) and pathophysiological (extent of the venous reflux) severity of CVD. Older age means an increased number of insufficient venous segments and increased risk of the clinical progression of CVD from varicose veins to chronic venous insufficiency (C 3 -C 6 , trophic skin changes and venous ulcers). Our results support the BMI, in term of frequency of venous reflux, as a risk factor in the whole group of patients but only in women but not in men. Multiple linear regression showed BMI together with age as significant predictors of clinical grade of CVD (p<0.05) according to the CEAP classification. As regards the influence of BMI on clinical severity/grade of CVD (CEAP), the results of our study support BMI as an important risk factor.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age, Body Mass Index and Severity of Primary Chronic Venous Disease

Musil

Kaletová²,

Herman³

2011

Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…II). Age is a well-known risk factor for the development of CVD [7], DVT [11] and also SVT [1,4]. Two recent prospective studies revealed age as a risk factor for SVT in CVD but only in patients with varicose veins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for superficial vein thrombosis in patients with primary chronic venous disease

Musil

Kaletová

Herman

2016

Vasa

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary:Background: Primary chronic venous disease (CVD) is associated with an increased risk of superfi cial vein thrombosis (SVT). While CVD is a predominant factor in SVT, there is a range of additional predisposing factors. The objective was to investigate the association between age, gender, BMI, smoking, oestrogen hormone therapy, family history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and CEAP clinical classifi cation in patients with CVD and a history of SVT. Patients and methods: In a retrospective observational study on consecutive patients with primary CVD, 641 outpatients were enrolled (152 men, 23.7 %; 489 women, 76.3 %). The prevalence of SVT was evaluated according to age, BMI, smoking, presence of family history of VTE, use of hormone therapy, and clinical class of CVD. Results: Risk of SVT was signifi cantly increased in women (OR 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.02 -2.76; p = 0.041), older patients (46 -69 years, OR 1.57, 95% CI = 1.03 -2.4; p = 0.036, ≥ 70 years, OR 2.93, 95 % CI = 1.5 -5.76; p = 0.001), smokers (OR 1.69, 95 % CI = 1.1 -2.58; p = 0.015) and in persons with fi rst-degree siblings diagnosed with VTE (OR 2,28, 95 % CI = 1.28 -4.05; p = 0.004). The risk was signifi cantly increased in older male smokers (p -0.042). In women, smoking and oestrogen therapy (p = 0.495) did not increase the risk of SVT even older women or in those with increased BMI. In CVD (C0 -C3), a history of episodes of SVT was found in 103/550 (18.7 %), in chronic venous insuffi ciency (CVI) in 27/91 (29.7 %). There was a signifi cantly higher prevalence of SVT in patients with CVI (OR 1.70, 95% CI = 1.1 -2.5; p = 0.016). Conclusions: In patients with primary CVD, SVT was signifi cantly associated with female gender. In men, older age, smoking and positive family history of VTE were relevant SVT risk factors. In women, risk factors were older age, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 and positive family history of VTE. Compared with C0 -C3 clinical classes, CVI signifi cantly increases the risk of SVT.

show abstract

“…19 KVY genel nüfusun %40'ını etkilemektedir. 20 Kronik venöz hastalıklar yüksek prevalansı nedeni ile büyük sosyoekonomik etkilere sebep olan yaygın bir durumdur. 21 Yapılan çalışmalara göre; kadınların %32, erkeklerin %40'ının varikoz venlere sahip olduğu, venöz hastalıkların herhangi bir tipinin erkeklerin %40-50'sini, kadınların ise %50-55'ini etkilediği görülmüştür.…”

Section: Kroni̇k Venöz Yetmezli̇ği̇n Anatomi̇si̇unclassified