Chronic zinc deficiency and listeriosis in rats: acquired cellular resistance and response to vaccination

Carlomagno, Mirta A.; Coghlan, Lezlee G; McMurray, David N.

doi:10.1007/bf02126048

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1). These results are similar to those reported in a previous study of resistance to listeriosis in zinc-deficient rats [3]. Vaccine efficacy in the nutrient-deficient guinea pig varied depending upon the organ studied.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Few of the previous investigations concerning the effects of nutrition on CMI have included response to primary infectious challenge [24], and even fewer have examined the effect of malnutrition on vaccine efficacy, which is defined as a significant increase in resistance to challenge infection [3,18,19]. In this study, the separate effects of protein and zinc deficiencies on cellular immunity and resistance to L. monocytogenes in guinea pigs were assessed in vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with Listeria

Coghlan

Carlomagno

McMurray

1988

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Specific pathogen-free guinea pigs were maintained for 3 weeks on purified diets containing 30% protein (ovalbumin) and 50 ppm added zinc (Control-C), 10% protein and 50 ppm added zinc (low protein-LP), or 30% protein and no added zinc (low zinc-LZ). Half of the animals in each diet group were vaccinated intraperitoneally with 2.5 x 10(3) viable Listeria monocytogenes organisms after 8 days of diet treatment. Ten days later, all animals received an aerosol challenge of 250 L. monocytogenes organisms and were killed 4 days later. Both zinc and protein deficiency resulted in animals that were growth retarded as compared to controls. Specific nutrient effects were observed as significant reductions in total serum proteins (LP group) and plasma zinc concentrations (LZ group). In vaccinated guinea pigs, both protein and zinc deprivation resulted in significant impairment of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses following the intradermal injection of listeria antigen. Diet did not exert a measurable impact on the response of nonvaccinated guinea pigs to pulmonary listeriosis. Prior vaccination allowed both malnourished groups to control the challenge infection successfully as measured by significant reductions in viable bacilli recovered from the lung, spleen and hilar lymph nodes. The diet and vaccine effect varied depending on the tissue examined. Thus, although both protein and zinc deficiencies resulted in loss of peripheral antigen-specific T lymphocyte function (DTH), vaccine efficacy was not impaired.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with Listeria

Coghlan

Carlomagno

McMurray

1988

Med Microbiol Immunol

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“…The functional significance of zinc deficiency on primary and secondary host responses to infection with a facultative intracellular pathogen was studied in specific pathogen‐free rats. Vaccination resulted in successful control of bacteria in both dietary groups (Carlomagno and others ). The levels of some trace elements, such as selenium, iron, copper, and zinc, and copper: zinc ratios, might serve as biomarkers for the increased severity of viral hepatic damage (Lin ).…”

Section: Miscellaneousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc: The Metal of Life

Kaur

Gupta

Saraf

et al. 2014

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

166

103

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The importance of zinc was 1st reported for Aspergillus niger. It took over 75 y to realize that zinc is also an essential trace element for rats, and an additional 30 y went by before it was recognized that this was also true for humans. The adult body contains about 2 to 3 g of zinc. Zinc is found in organs, tissues, bones, fluids, and cells. It is essential for many physiological functions and plays a significant role in a number of enzyme actions in the living systems. Bioinformatics estimates report that 10% of the human proteome contains zinc-binding sites. Based on its role in such a plethora of cellular components, zinc has diverse biological functions from enzymatic catalysis to playing a crucial role in cellular neuronal systems. Thus, based on the various published studies and reports, it is pertinent to state that zinc is one of the most important essential trace metals in human nutrition and lifestyle. Its deficiency may severely affect the homeostasis of a biological system. This review compiles the role of zinc in prophylaxis/therapeutics and provides current information about its effect on living beings.

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“…Increased apoptosis in MTKO mice may be due to a lack of zinc caused by a deficit in its carrier protein MT (Zalewski et al 1993). Alternatively, zinc deficiency has been shown to cause increased susceptibility to LM by diminishing DTH responses without altering bacterial clearance (Carlomagno et al 1986). The stressassociated increased apoptosis observed in splenic macrophages of B6-MTKO mice may explain the stress-associated increase in splenic LM burden.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothionein differentially affects the host response to Listeria infection both with and without an additional stress from cold-restraint

Emeny

Kasten‐Jolly

Mondal

et al. 2015

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Acute stress alters anti-bacterial defenses, but the neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying this association are not yet well understood. Metallothionein (MT), a cysteinerich protein, is a stress response protein that is induced by a variety of chemical, biological, and psychological stressors, and MT has been shown to influence immune activities. We investigated MT's role in the management of anti-bacterial responses that occur during stress, using a C57BL/6 (B6) strain that has targeted disruptions of the Mt1 and Mt2 genes (B6-MTKO), and a B6 strain that has additional copies of Mt (B6-MTTGN). The well-characterized listeriosis model was used to examine immune mechanisms that are altered by a 1-h stress treatment (cold-restraint, CR) administered just prior to bacterial infection. Intriguingly, MT gene doses both greater and lower than that of wild-type (WT) B6 mice were associated with improved host defenses against Listeria monocytogenes (LM). This augmented protection was diminished by CR stress in the MTKO mice, but transgenic mice with additional MT copies had no CR stress-induced increase in their listerial burden. During the transition from innate to adaptive immunity, on day 3 after infection, oxidative burst and apoptosis were assessed by flow cytometric methods, and cytokine transcription was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. MT gene expression and CR-stress affected the expression of IL-6 and TNFα. Additionally, these genetic and environmental modulations altered the generation of ROS responses as well as the number of apoptotic cells in livers and spleens. Although the level of MT altered the listerial response, MT expression was equally elevated by listerial infection with or without CR stress. These results indicate the ability of MT to regulate immune response mechanisms and demonstrate that increased amounts of MT can eliminate the immunosuppression induced by CR.

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Chronic zinc deficiency and listeriosis in rats: acquired cellular resistance and response to vaccination

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with Listeria

Effect of protein and zinc deficiencies on vaccine efficacy in guinea pigs following pulmonary infection with Listeria

Zinc: The Metal of Life

Metallothionein differentially affects the host response to Listeria infection both with and without an additional stress from cold-restraint

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