Chronobesity: role of the circadian system in the obesity epidemic

Laermans, Jorien; Depoortere, Inge

doi:10.1111/obr.12351

Cited by 112 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(243 reference statements)

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“…Many disorders in glucose regulation, such as diabetes (Qian and Scheer, 2016) or obesity (Laermans and Depoortere, 2016), and their pharmacotherapies are also under robust circadian control. Recently, systems approaches have aimed at studying the dynamics of the circadian processes possibly impacting on energy metabolism.…”

Section: Systems Chronotherapeutics For Other Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems Chronotherapeutics

et al. 2017

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Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.

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Section: Systems Chronotherapeutics For Other Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systems Chronotherapeutics

et al. 2017

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“…Recent meta-analyses have associated shift work with an increased risk of obesity with workers having a greater predisposition to weight gain than their day-working counterparts (Amani & Gill, 2013;Antunes et al, 2010;Barbadora et al, 2013;Eberly & Feldman, 2010). A poor diet and physical inactivity (Atkinson et al, 2008), altered nutritional metabolism (Esquirol et al, 2009;Laermans & Depoortere, 2016), access to food (Stewart & Wahlqvist, 1985), desynchronisation of circadian rhythms (Antunes et al, 2010) and altered sleeping patterns (Mota et al, 2013) may all contribute to the observed increased risk of obesity. In addition to being associated with obesity, shift work has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Brown et al, 2009;Tüchsen et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy intake of shift workers compared to fixed day workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Bonham

Bonnell

Huggins

2016

Chronobiology International

119

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Shift work is an established risk factor for a number of chronic conditions associated with excess energy intake including obesity, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This systematic review investigated whether the 24 h energy intake of shift workers differs to that of fixed day workers. Included articles compared energy intake of shift workers (shift included midnight) with fixed day workers. There were 10 367 day workers and 4726 shift workers from 12 studies included in the qualitative analysis and meta-analyses. The standardised mean difference (95% CI) in energy intake between shift and day workers was -0.04 (-0.11, 0.03); I(2) = 54%. Qualitative results on macronutrient intakes were conflicting. Reported energy intakes were not different between day workers and shift workers, suggesting that other factors such as circadian misalignment, meal timing, food choice and diurnal variation of energy metabolism at night may be responsible for the increased rates of obesity observed in shift workers. Guidance on health and well-being is required for this at-risk population group.

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“…If the light-OPN3 adipocyte pathway exists in humans, there are potentially broad implications for human health. Our modern lifestyle subjects us to unnatural lighting spectra, exposure to light at night, shift work and jet-lag, all of which result in metabolic disruption (Fonken and Nelson, 2014;Fonken et al, 2013;Laermans and Depoortere, 2016;Opperhuizen et al, 2017). Based on the current findings, it is possible that insufficient stimulation of the light-OPN3 adipocyte pathway is part of an explanation for the prevalence of metabolic deregulation in the industrialized nations where unnatural lighting has become the norm.…”

Section: White Adipocytes Are a Crucial Site Of Opn3 Activitymentioning

confidence: 64%

Adaptive thermogenesis in mice requires adipocyte light-sensing via Opsin 3

Nayak

Vemaraju

Zhang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Almost all life forms can decode light information for adaptive advantage. Examples include the visual system, where photoreceptor signals are interpreted as images, and the circadian system, where light entrains a physiological clock. Here we describe a local, nonvisual light response in mice that employs encephalopsin (OPN3, a 480 nm, blue light responsive opsin) to regulate the function of adipocytes. Germ line null and adipocytespecific conditional null mice show a deficit in thermogenesis that is phenocopied in mice under blue-light deficient conditions. We show that blue light stimulation of adipocytes activates hormone sensitive lipase, the rate limiting enzyme in the lipolysis pathway, and that this is OPN3-dependent. Opn3 adipocyte conditional null mice also use reduced levels of fat mass when fasted and cold exposed further suggesting a lipolysis deficit. These data suggest the hypothesis that in mice, a local, OPN3-dependent light response in adipocytes is a mechanism for regulation of energy homeostasis.

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Chronobesity: role of the circadian system in the obesity epidemic

Cited by 112 publications

References 209 publications

Systems Chronotherapeutics

Systems Chronotherapeutics

Energy intake of shift workers compared to fixed day workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Adaptive thermogenesis in mice requires adipocyte light-sensing via Opsin 3

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