Chronopotentiometric Investigation of Anode Deterioration in Lithium Ion Secondary Cell Incorporating Reference Electrode

Abstract

We were able to derive the dQ/dE vs. E curve by carrying out chronopotentiometric measurements using a lithium ion secondary cell incorporating a reference electrode. These in-situ measurements were found to be comparable to the ex-situ measurements, which were obtained using a graphite single particle method. The dQ/dE vs. E curves for the anode of the same type of cells, which contain storage deterioration and cyclic test deterioration data, were then obtained. As a result, an over potential increase in the charge and discharge peaks, as well as a decrease in the charge coulombs was observed. As a result of the dQ/dE vs. E curves of the anode of degraded lithium ion secondary cells incorporating a reference electrode, we were able to evaluate the graphite degradation under conditions close to real environmental conditions.

Review—Post-Mortem Analysis of Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries: Disassembly Methodology and Physico-Chemical Analysis Techniques

“…The stability in time of the RE potential is fundamental, and depends on the testing temperature and on the nature of the electrochemical couple chosen as RE (Li + /Li, 16,[241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257]90 It is well known that the position of the RE is particularly important. For example in aqueous systems the Luggin-Haber capillary is well established which is positioned (i) near the working electrode and (ii) between corking and counter electrode.…”

Formation of a Lithium-Plated Reference Electrode in Lithium-Ion Cells: Characterization Using Dynamic Impedance and Simulation Using Electrochemical Model

“…Metallic lithium or lithium alloy (Li-Sn [9] , Li-Al [10] ) is the usual material of choice for REs in LICs. There are two typical approaches to design a lithium-based RE: inserting a foreign lithium foil directly [4] [5] or using a stable substrate, such as copper, and then forming a layer of metallic lithium onto the substrate by in-situ plating [9][11] [12] . As Young's modulus of lithium is very low, the size of lithium foil has to be in millimeter scale (the thickness of a typical separator is several tens microns) to warrant mechanical stability, thus resulting in remarkable blocking effects.…”