Although
Bu3Sn-mediated radical alkyne peri-annulations
allow access to phenalenyl ring systems, the oxidative
termination of these cascades provides only a limited selection of
the possible isomeric phenalenone products with product selectivity
controlled by the intrinsic properties of the new cyclic systems.
In this work, we report an oxidant-free termination strategy that
can overcome this limitation and enable selective access to the full
set of isomerically functionalized phenalenones. The key to preferential
termination is the preinstallation of a “weak link”
that undergoes C–O fragmentation in the final cascade step.
Breaking a C–O bond is assisted by entropy, gain of conjugation
in the product, and release of stabilized radical fragments. This
strategy is expanded to radical exo-dig cyclization
cascades of oligoalkynes, which provide access to isomeric π-extended
phenalenones. Conveniently, these cascades introduce functionalities
(i.e., Bu3Sn and iodide moieties) amenable
to further cross-coupling reactions. Consequently, a variety of polyaromatic
diones, which could serve as phenalenyl-based open-shell precursors,
can be synthesized.