Church–State Regimes and their Impact on the Institutionalization of Islamic Organizations in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis

Muslim Diaspora in the West and International HRM

“…Due to the numeric growth of Muslims within Europe, along with their growing desire for the advancement of Islamic values within the countries where they or their ancestors have settled (Loobuyck et al, 2013), there has been a significant change in attitude by Western governments towards the presence of Muslims since the 1990s. A number of European countries initially sought to manage these labour migrant Muslims (Loobuyck et al, 2013) though a set of multicultural policies.…”

“…Interest in Islam and how Muslims organise themselves within the so-called Western world has largely stemmed from the flow of Muslim immigration since the 1960s and the 1970s (Loobuyck, Debeer, & Meier, 2013). Many of these immigrants have come to these new lands in the hope of making a better life for themselves economically, or to escape the political or religious pressures of their homeland (Lebl, 2014).…”

“…This revival is especially noticeable amongst second-and third-generation younger Muslim immigrants who, according to Lebl (2014), are seeking to advance a totalitarian ideology. It is this fear that has led to the rise of Islamophobia (Loobuyck et al, 2013) or an irrational fear of Islam (Bruckner, 2011).…”

“…Typically, scant interest was shown towards entering into dialogue with the Muslim immigrant community. Indeed, until the 1990s, it was not uncommon for Islam to be perceived as a strange, foreign religion that was best managed through outsourcing to respective consulates (Loobuyck et al, 2013). Yet, migration and work-based mobility has a significant influence on the world of work and societies in which organisations are embedded.…”

“…A number of European countries initially sought to manage these labour migrant Muslims (Loobuyck et al, 2013) though a set of multicultural policies. The aim of these policies was that they would foster a culture beyond that of 'national particularism' towards one where persons from different ethnicities could live harmoniously together on the basis that each culture was equally legitimate and worthy of respect.…”