Chymotrypsin both directly modulates bacterial growth and asserts ampicillin degradation-mediated protective effect on bacteria

Zhou, Dan; Liu, Zhengxia; Zhang, Donghui; Xu, Yang; Tan, Wenfeng; Ma, Lei; Sun, Yan; Shen, Bo; Zhu, Changliang

doi:10.1007/s13213-012-0512-x

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Also, the overall changes in the gene expression profile of different immune effector groups, including AMPs, PO or ROS, did not explain the variation in the overall bacterial load across beetle lines. Perhaps more relevant changes in Bt-resistant beetles were detected in terms of their higher basal expression levels (i.e., without infection) of apolipophorins, possibly facilitating phagocytosis and pathogen pattern recognition ( 43 ) or chymotrypsin, which is known to arrest the growth of Gram-positive bacteria ( 44 ), including neutralization of Bt-toxins ( 45 ). Increased circulation of these molecules, even in the non-immune challenged state of B beetles, might thus play a more important role in early detection and prevention of Bt overgrowth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen Growth and Virulence Dynamics Drive the Host Evolution Against Coinfections

Seal,

Basu,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Coinfections, or the simultaneous infection of hosts by multiple pathogens, are widespread in nature with significant negative impacts on global health. Can hosts evolve against such coinfections as effectively as they would against individual pathogens? Also, what roles do individual pathogens play during such evolution? Here, we combined theoretical models and experiments withTribolium castaneumpopulations evolving against two coinfecting bacterial pathogens, with contrasting growth and virulence dynamics, to reveal that fast-growing pathogens inflicting rapid mortality surges (i.e., fast-acting) restrict adaptive success against coinfections. While hosts rapidly evolved better survival against slow-growing bacteria causing long-lasting infections, evolution against coinfection was significantly delayed and resembled slow adaptation against fast-acting pathogens. Moreover, limited scopes of immunomodulation against fast-acting pathogens during coinfections can drive the observed adaptive patterns. Overall, we provide new insights into how adaptive dynamics and mechanistic bases against coinfections are critically regulated by individual pathogens' growth and virulence dynamics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen Growth and Virulence Dynamics Drive the Host Evolution Against Coinfections

Seal,

Basu,

Ghosh

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Alanine arylamidase and tyrosine arylamidase have not previously been linked to Treg or Th17 cell biology. ⍺-Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease family and has been shown to have antibacterial properties [81] and is also made by pathogenic bacteria in the Vibrio genus [82]. Whether this correlation reflects a role of ⍺-chymotrypsin in Th17 cell induction or merely reflects the pro-inflammatory capacity of bacteria that produce this protease and induce Th17 cells through other mechanisms remains to be determined.…”

Section: Correlations Between Properties Of Oa Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation

Sargsian,

Mondragón-Palomino,

Lejeune

et al. 2024

Microbiome

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Background Parasitic helminths influence the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the microbiomes of individuals living in helminth-endemic regions are understudied. The Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with high burdens of the helminth Trichuris trichiura, display microbiotas enriched in Clostridiales, an order of spore-forming obligate anaerobes with immunogenic properties. We previously isolated novel Clostridiales that were enriched in these individuals and found that a subset promoted the Trichuris life cycle. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the functional properties of these bacteria. Results Clostridiales isolates were profiled for their ability to perform 57 enzymatic reactions and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and hydrogen sulfide, revealing that these bacteria were capable of a range of activities associated with metabolism and host response. Consistent with this finding, monocolonization of mice with individual isolates identified bacteria that were potent inducers of regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation in the colon. Comparisons between variables revealed by these studies identified enzymatic properties correlated with Treg induction and Trichuris egg hatching. Conclusion We identified Clostridiales species that are sufficient to induce high levels of Tregs. We also identified a set of metabolic activities linked with Treg differentiation and Trichuris egg hatching mediated by these newly isolated bacteria. Altogether, this study provides functional insights into the microbiotas of individuals residing in a helminth-endemic region.

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“…Alanine arylamidase and tyrosine arylamidase have not previously been linked to Treg or Th17 cell biology. ⍺-Chymotrypsin is a member of the serine protease family and has been shown to have antibacterial properties [76], and is also made by pathogenic bacteria in the Vibrio genus [77]. Whether this correlation reflects a role of ⍺-chymotrypsin in Th17 cell induction or merely reflects the pro-inflammatory capacity of bacteria that produce this protease and induce Th17 cells through other mechanisms remains to be determined.…”

Section: Correlations Between Properties Of Oa Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation

Sargsian

Lejeune

Ercelen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Parasitic helminths influence the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the microbiomes of individuals living in helminth-endemic regions are understudied. The Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with high burdens of the helminthTrichuris trichiura, displayed microbiotas enriched in Clostridiales, a class of spore-forming obligate anaerobes previously shown to have immunogenic properties. We previously isolated novel Clostridiales that were enriched in these individuals and found that a subset promoted theTrichurislife cycle. Here, we further characterized the functional properties of these bacteria. Enzymatic and metabolomic profiling revealed a range of activities associated with metabolism and host response. Consistent with this finding, monocolonization of mice with individual isolates identified bacteria that were potent inducers of regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation in the colon. Comparisons between variables revealed by these studies identified enzymatic properties correlated with Treg induction andTrichurisegg hatching. These results provide functional insights into the microbiotas of an understudied population.

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Chymotrypsin both directly modulates bacterial growth and asserts ampicillin degradation-mediated protective effect on bacteria

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Pathogen Growth and Virulence Dynamics Drive the Host Evolution Against Coinfections

Pathogen Growth and Virulence Dynamics Drive the Host Evolution Against Coinfections

Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation

Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation

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