CHYR1 ubiquitinates the phosphorylated WRKY70 for degradation to balance immunity in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Liu, Huanhuan; Liu, Bao; Lou, Shangling; Bi, Hao; Tang, Hu; Tong, Shaofei; Song, Yan; Chen, Ningning; Zhang, Han; Jiang, Yuanzhong; Liu, Jianquan

doi:10.1111/nph.17231

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The wide range of WRKY50 binding sites is further supported by the study here and earlier work [27]. Interestingly, many of the WRKY50 and WRKY70 binding sites deviate from the classic W-box TTG ACT /C and the W-box is not part of many of these binding sites [23][24][25][26][27]. Therefore, it may be conceivable to propose WT-boxes not being part of W-boxes to be a missing link for WRKY regulated genes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…However, many of these WT-boxes were shown to be bound by WRKY TFs. For example WRKY70 binds to the WT-boxes CGA CTT TT and AGA CTT TT [23][24][25], WRKY50 binds to GGA CTT TT, GGA CTT TC, and GGA CTT TG [26,27], and WRKY26 binds to GGA CTT TC [28]. Therefore, these cis-sequences increase the repertoire of known WRKY binding sites and may be useful to predict WRKY target genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic distribution and context dependent functionality of novel WRKY transcription factor binding sites

et al. 2022

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Background The WT-boxes NGACTTTN are novel microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-responsive cis-regulatory sequences. Many of them are uncommon WRKY transcription factor (TF) binding sites. Results To understand their functional relevance, a genomic distribution analysis of the 16 possible WT-boxes and a functional analysis of a WT-box rich promoter was done. The genomic distribution analysis shows an enrichment of specific WT-boxes within 500 bp upstream of all Arabidopsis thaliana genes. Those that harbour a T 5′ to the core sequence GACTTT can also be part of the classic WRKY binding site the W-box TTGACT/C. The MAMP-responsive gene ATEP3, a class IV chitinase, harbours seven WT-boxes within its 1000 bp upstream region. In the context of synthetic promoters, the four proximal WT-boxes confer MAMP responsivity while the three WT-boxes further upstream have no effect. Rendering the nucleotides adjacent and in the vicinity of the WT-box core sequence reveals their functional importance for gene expression. A 158 bp long ATEP3 minimal promoter harbouring the two WT-boxes CGACTTTT, confers WT-box-dependent basal and MAMP-responsive reporter gene expression. The ATEP3 gene is a proposed target of WRKY50 and WRKY70. WRKY50 negatively regulates MAMP responsivity of the two WT-boxes CGACTTTT, while WRKY70 activates gene expression in a WT-box dependent manner. Both WRKY factors bind directly to the WT-box CGACTTTT. Conclusion In summary, WT-boxes are enriched in promoter regions and comprise novel and uncommon WRKY binding sites required for basal and MAMP-induced gene expression. WT-boxes not being part of a W-box may be a missing link for WRKY target gene prediction when these genes do not harbour a W-box.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic distribution and context dependent functionality of novel WRKY transcription factor binding sites

et al. 2022

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“…Genes under selection include some genes associated with increased sensitivity to bacteria and fungi (JAM3, ABCG16, NMT1, AT5G05790) (Kapos et al 2015; Kessler et al 2010; Swain, Singh, and Nandi 2015; Sasaki-Sekimoto et al 2013; Ji et al 2014) as well as WRKY70,which is central to immunity in A. thaliana (Noh et al 2021; H. Liu et al 2021; S.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in Darwin’s giant daisies

Cerca

Petersen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Oceanic archipelagos comprise multiple disparate environments over small geographic areas and are isolated from other biotas. These conditions have led to some of the most spectacular adaptive radiations, which have been key to our understanding of evolution, and offer a unique chance to characterise the genomic basis underlying rapid and pronounced phenotypic changes. Repeated patterns of evolutionary change in plants on oceanic archipelagos, i.e. the plant island syndrome, include changes in leaf morphology, acquisition of perennial life-style, and change of ploidy. Here, we describe the genome of the critically endangered and Galapagos endemic Scalesia atractyloides Arnot., obtaining a chromosome-resolved 3.2-Gbp assembly with 43,093 candidate gene models. Using a combination of fossil transposable elements, k-mer spectra analyses and orthologue assignment, we identify the two ancestral subgenomes and date their divergence and the polyploidization event, concluding that the ancestor of all Scalesia species on the Galapagos was an allotetraploid. There are a comparable number of genes and transposable elements across the two subgenomes, and while their synteny has been mostly conserved, we find multiple inversions that may have facilitated adaptation. We identify clear signatures of selection across genes associated with vascular development, life-growth, adaptation to salinity and changes in flowering time, thus finding compelling evidence for a genomic basis of island syndrome in Darwin's giant daisy radiation. This work advances understanding of factors influencing subgenome divergence in polyploid genomes, and characterizes the quick and pronounced genomic changes in a specular and diverse radiation of an iconic island plant radiation.

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“…Upon pathogen attack, WRKY70 mainly becomes phosphorylated at Thr22 and Ser34 residues. The phosphorylated WRKY70 (WRKY70-P) is recognized by CHYR1 and gets ubiquitinated and degraded [89]. During plant immunity, the TF SARD1 (SAR deficient 1) and CBF60g (calmodulin-binding Factor 60-like g) mediate the synthesis of the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) by regulating the transcription of isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) [90].…”

Section: E3s Participate In Phosphorylation and Ubiquitination Crosstalkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Plants are frequently exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses, such as those caused by salt, drought, cold, and heat. All of these stressors can induce changes in the proteoforms, which make up the proteome of an organism. Of the many different proteoforms, protein ubiquitination has attracted a lot of attention because it is widely involved in the process of protein degradation; thus regulates many plants molecular processes, such as hormone signal transduction, to resist external stresses. Ubiquitin ligases are crucial in substrate recognition during this ubiquitin modification process. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of plant responses to abiotic stresses from the perspective of ubiquitin ligases have been described. This information is critical for a better understanding of plant molecular responses to abiotic stresses.

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CHYR1 ubiquitinates the phosphorylated WRKY70 for degradation to balance immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 32 publications

References 60 publications

Genomic distribution and context dependent functionality of novel WRKY transcription factor binding sites

Genomic distribution and context dependent functionality of novel WRKY transcription factor binding sites

The genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in Darwin’s giant daisies

Roles of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

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