“…Cancer cells produce and secrete the neuropeptides CCK/gastrin [ 34 , 129 ], GRP and NMB [ 130 , 131 ], bradykinin [ 132 ], and vasopressin [ 133 , 134 ]. A plethora of evidence exists elucidating the autocrine growth and pro-proliferative effects exerted by CCK/gastrin [ 135 , 136 ], GRP and NMB [ 137 , 138 ], bradykinin [ 139 , 140 ] and vasopressin [ 21 , 94 , 95 , 141 , 142 ] through their respective receptors. In the process, they increase the colony number of cancer cells, including lung cancer [ 21 , 135 , 143 ].…”