The present work reports a detailed interpretation of the role of Ga and Mn dopants, solid solubility mechanisms, charge compensation mechanisms, intervalence charge transfer, antibacterial performance, and cell attachment and proliferation. Solâgel undoped and doped (1, 5, and 9âmol%) CeO2 films are spinâcoated on 3D printed Ti6Al4V biomedical alloy substrates and annealed at 650â°C for 2âh in air. Material characterization includes scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D scanning laser confocal microscopy, glancing angle Xâray diffraction (GAXRD), and Xâray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Inâvitro testing includes inhibition of bacterial growth, simulated body fluid (SBF) testing, and cell attachment and proliferation studies. The most significant outcome is that the bioactivity of ceria derives directly from the Ce3+ concentration, which itself results from solid solubility (substitutional and interstitial) and charge compensation and redox. This challenges the common assumption of the dominance of oxygen vacancies in the performance of ceria. The antibacterial activity is dependent on the type, amount, and valence of the dopant, where opposite trends are observed for gramâpositive Staphylococcus aureus and gramânegative Escherichia coli bacteria. All of the doped samples result in enhanced cell proliferation, although this is greatest at the lowest dopant concentration. Surface hydroxyapatite formation on the samples is achieved by soaking in SBF at 2âweeks and 1âmonth.