CIE 1960 UCS diagram and the Mller theory of color vision

Abstract

A close relationship has been shown to exist between the second stage of the Miiller theory and the MacAdam 1937 {u, v)-diagram reco mmended in 1960 by th e CIE for interim use as a chromaticity diagram having approximately uniform scales. By considering normal vision as a combination of protanopia and tritanopia as suggested by th e Muller seco nd stage, a more ge neral measure of the perceived size of a chromaticity difference is developed than the length of the line connecting the two chromaticity points. The general meas ure is the square root of the sum of the squares of the angles subtended by the lin e at th e convergence points of the chromaticity confusion lines for protanopia and tritanopia, respectively. By this measure the c hromatic sensibility to wavelength change in the spectrum is accounted for quantitatively not only for protanopic and tritanopic vision, but also for normal vision including the secondary maximum of sensibility in the neighborhood of 420 nm.

Complementary colors: The structure of wavelength discrimination, uniform hue, spectral sensitivity, saturation, chromatic adaptation, and chromatic induction

“…2,37 But that is contradicted by the evidence above that complementary (wavelength and power) ratios, and models derived therefrom, demonstrate spectral sharpening, 10 implying a postreceptoral location. Further, it has been argued 44 that chromatic induction (and its complementary nature) lies in the higher-order color mechanisms 45 since it cannot be explained by lateral interaction at either the receptoral level or the opponent-color level.…”

“…520 nm) and exaggerated amplitudes are normal for low luminances (\1 cd/m 2 ). 25 Both models 25,37 resemble the present model's RGB peaks and CY troughs except J&Y's C and Y troughs are 10-20 nm shorter or longer, 37 respectively, than the H&J and present models.…”

“…2,25,37 Ref. 25 gives a model of spectral sensitivity (there termed 'frequency of seeing'), labeled H&J in Fig.…”

“…8 shows a model by Hurvich and Jameson 25 for relatively high luminance (30 cd/m 2 ); its shape is similar to the present model. The green curve, a model by Judd and Yonemura 37 for low luminance, shows a different shape (possibly due to mesopic response and/ or rod intrusion). Its shorter wavelength G peak (ca.…”

Uniform color space modeled with cone responses

“…His ideas were expressed in 1949 in a model by Judd 13 and further refined in 1970 by Judd and Yonemura. 14 Judd derived three cone functions from the 2°observer data. These are, however, noticeably different from the Smith-Pokorny functions and those of Eq.…”