CIELAB for Color Image Encoding (CIELAB, 8-Bit; Domain and Range, Uses)

Buckley, Robert; Giorgianni, Edward J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8071-7_14

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The perceived lightness ( L* ) was subsequently calculated from the average RGB colour (Appendix S1, Calculating perceived lightness). The L* is a measure of perceptual lightness that can take values between zero (black) and 100 (white) (Buckley & Giorgianni, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female reproductive mode shapes allometric scaling of male traits in live‐bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae)

Furness

Hagmayer

Pollux

2021

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Reproductive mode is predicted to influence the form of sexual selection. The viviparity‐driven conflict hypothesis posits that a shift from lecithotrophic (yolk‐nourished) to matrotrophic (mother‐nourished or placental) viviparity drives a shift from precopulatory towards post‐copulatory sexual selection. In lecithotrophic species, we predict that precopulatory sexual selection will manifest as males exhibiting a broad distribution of sizes, and small and large males exhibiting contrasting phenotypes (morphology and coloration); conversely, in matrotrophic species, an emphasis on post‐copulatory sexual selection will preclude these patterns. We test these predictions by gathering data on male size, morphology and coloration for five sympatric Costa Rican poeciliid species that differ in reproductive mode (i.e. lecithotrophy vs. matrotrophy). We find tentative support for these predictions of the viviparity‐driven conflict hypothesis, with some interesting caveats and subtleties. In particular, we find that the three lecithotrophic species tend to show a broader distribution of male sizes than matrotrophic species. Furthermore, large males of such species tend to exhibit proportionately large dorsal and caudal fins and short gonopodia relative to small males, while these patterns are expressed to a lesser extent in the two matrotrophic species. Finally, large males in some of the lecithotrophic species exhibit darker fins relative to small males, a pattern not evident in either matrotrophic species. One unexpected finding was that even in the matrotrophic species Poeciliopsis retropinna and Poeciliopsis paucimaculata, which lack courtship and dichromatic coloration, some morphological traits exhibit significant allometric relationships, suggesting that even in these species precopulatory sexual selection may be present and shaping size‐specific male phenotypes in subtle ways.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female reproductive mode shapes allometric scaling of male traits in live‐bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae)

Furness

Hagmayer

Pollux

2021

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…The CIE Lab* system is a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE) in 1976 [17]. The CIELAB system is a frequently used color notation system that is based on the three basic dimensions of color characterization: hue (color itself), value (lightness, achromatic, from black to white), and chroma (color strength, from pale to strong) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Thixotropic Agent on the Color Stability of Platinum-Based Silicone Maxillofacial Elastomers after Artificial Aging

Kiat-amnuay,

Cevik,

Kurtoglu

2023

Materials

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Maxillofacial prostheses are essential for restoring natural appearance and function in individuals with defects in the head and neck regions. Thixotropic agents, as liquid additives, are known to increase the viscosity of silicone elastomers. However, color deterioration remains a challenge in facial prostheses, leading to the need for refabrication. Despite this, there is limited research on the effect of thixotropic agents on the color stability of silicone maxillofacial elastomers. This study aims to investigate the impact of different thixotropic agent amounts on the color degradation of various maxillofacial silicone elastomers. Three elastomers (A-2000, A-2006, and A-2186) were combined with five pigments (no pigment as control, red, yellow, blue, and a mixture of red, yellow, and blue), and mixed with six thixotropic agent quantities (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 drops). A total of 450 specimens were fabricated (n = 5) and aged in an artificial aging chamber. L*, a*, b* readings were obtained before and after aging using a digital spectrophotometer. Color difference (ΔE*) means and standard deviations for 150 kj/m2, 300 kj/m2, and 450 kj/m2 were calculated. Statistical analyses, including four-way ANOVA and Fisher’s PLSD test, were conducted to determine any significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups. A comprehensive analysis revealed significant four-way interactions among the groups. In the mixed-pigmentation group, adding 4 drops of thixotropic agent resulted in ΔE* above 3 only in A-2186 silicone at 300 and 450 kj/m2 energy levels. However, the color stability of mixed-pigmented A-2000 and A-2006 remained within the acceptable thresholds of 3 ΔE* at all irradiance levels in this study. At each energy level, A-2006 exhibited the highest color stability with an increasing thixotropic agent quantity among all the silicones. Conversely, A-2186 was more affected by the increased number of thixotropic agent drops in each pigmentation group, including the control group at 450 kj/m2. The quantity of thixotropic agent plays a crucial role in determining the color stability of different silicone elastomers pigmented with various intrinsic pigments. The thixotropic agent amount has a more significant impact on color stability than the type of pigment used in the silicone elastomers. A key overarching insight from this investigation is the identification of a safety threshold for the thixotropic agent quantity of 3 drops for each silicone type, pigmentation, and energy level. These findings highlight the importance of considering the proper combination of thixotropic agents, pigments, and silicone materials to achieve optimal color stability in maxillofacial prosthetic applications.

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“…As a result, color differences quantified in different color spaces may not always quantitatively agree with each other or with the human eye. The CIELAB space (CIE: International Commission on Illumination) that describes colors by the coordinates, L * (luminance), a * (color change from red to green), and b * (color change from yellow to blue), is one of the most common uniform spaces . Although the CIELAB space is very well-suited to quantify visual color differences, other spaces provide specific advantages depending on the application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CIELAB space (CIE: International Commission on Illumination) that describes colors by the coordinates, L* (luminance), a* (color change from red to green), and b* (color change from yellow to blue), is one of the most common uniform spaces. 8 Although the CIELAB space is very well-suited to quantify visual color differences, other spaces provide specific advantages depending on the application. The HSV space (H: hue, S: saturation, V: value) is for instance a hue-oriented space, which is typically easier to use for inexperienced users as the hue value is a more intuitive metric for color.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Image-Based Color Analysis as an Accessible and Widely Applicable PAT Tool

Smolders

Sheng

Mower

et al. 2023

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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Pharmaceutical R&D is increasingly employing data-driven approaches with specialized process analytical technology (PAT) tools to develop processes efficiently and reliably. However, some unit operations are still developed based on human observations, which lack quantification and objectivity and require personnel attending the experiment. In this article, we demonstrate the ease of using cameras to provide data in nearly every unit operation. While applications of basic to advanced image analysis algorithms have been published, herein we use a simple color analysis which excels in its broad applicability without the need for model training. There is currently little literature on color-based analysis, and the few published papers target only one specific use. The color analysis was able to provide valuable information on reaction progress, color removal, level monitoring, settling times, solubility determination, nucleation detection, filtration curves, and color of isolated materials without any required tuning of the analysis. The data from the color analysis often matched or outperformed the state-of-the-art PAT tools.

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CIELAB for Color Image Encoding (CIELAB, 8-Bit; Domain and Range, Uses)

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

Female reproductive mode shapes allometric scaling of male traits in live‐bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae)

Female reproductive mode shapes allometric scaling of male traits in live‐bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae)

Effect of Thixotropic Agent on the Color Stability of Platinum-Based Silicone Maxillofacial Elastomers after Artificial Aging

Automated Image-Based Color Analysis as an Accessible and Widely Applicable PAT Tool

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