Cigarette and water pipe smoking patterns among hospitalized men with a cardiovascular disease diagnosis

Abstract

Background: Smoking is the most preventable cause of death worldwide. Despite the high prevalence of smoking and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Jordan, little is known about smoking in hospitalized patients with CVD. Objectives:To describe the perceptions, history, and patterns about cigarette and water pipe smoking in hospitalized patients with CVD in Jordan.Methods: Across-sectional design and convenience sampling method were used to recruit a total of 112 men who were hospitalized with CVD. A structured interview was used to obtain the data. Results:The subjects were men, and the majorities were middle-aged, married, highly educated, and employed. About 12% of the subject had major depression. Most of the men (91%) were daily cigarette smokers. The majority of subjects reported that smoking was allowed inside their home (89.3%) and in the presence of children (64%). About 43% of subjects smoked >20 cigarettes per day and 63% of subjects smoked their first cigarette within 30 minutes after waking. Most of the water pipe smokers (66.7%) preferred to smoke their water pipe while socializing with friends. More cigarette smokers (77%) than water pipe smokers (40%) believed that smoking is addictive. A logistic regression analysis showed that men with less than high school education (OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 1.16, 15.13), and who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (OR: 7.34, 95% CI: 2.53, 21.33) were inclined to smoke their first cigarette within 30 minutes after awakening in the morning (high nicotine dependence); suggesting that they were addicted. Conclusion:Smoking is highly prevalent among hospitalized patients with CVD. Strategies are needed to screen these patients for smoking status. Concerted efforts are needed to implement tailored smoking cessation programs with education, counseling, and pharmacological support.

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and patterns of waterpipe use among Jordanian adults who exclusively smoke waterpipes

“…This finding is consistent with a previous study that stated WP smokers have less sense of harm and addiction in comparison with cigarette smokers. 15,37 Although studies reported a higher prevalence of WPS among men, [6][7][8]13 surprisingly, women had significantly higher positive attitudes about WPS than men. Similar findings were highlighted previously, were women had a lower prevalence, but a more positive attitude, and higher dependence on WPS.…”

“…11 Previous studies documented several factors contributing to initiating and maintaining WPS. [11][12][13][14] For instance, the social context of smoking, 11,13,15 flavored tobacco, 11 availability of cafés that offer WPs, 11,16 and providing WPS in an attractive and fun way. 11,14 Interestingly, a remarkable number of WP smokers are not cigarette smokers, 5,6,9,11 and even larger proportions of them view themselves as nonsmokers.…”

“…11,14 Interestingly, a remarkable number of WP smokers are not cigarette smokers, 5,6,9,11 and even larger proportions of them view themselves as nonsmokers. The reason behind attracting those who are not cigarette smokers, might be related to its social context, [15][16][17] imitating relatives and friends, 6,14 or it might be related to a lack of knowledge about the WP's negative health effects. 12,18 Additionally, the positive attitudes and incorrect beliefs about WPS may account for the increasing in prevalence of WPS.…”

Association of smoking with direct medical expenditures of chronic diseases in north of Jordan: a retrospective cohort study

“…The water-pipe smoking rate was 13%, and 5% of smokers indicated that they smoked both cigarettes and water pipes. In a sample of daily habitual male smokers hospitalised with a diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in Jordan, 91% were cigarette smokers and 43% smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day 32. In considering the distribution of chronic diseases among patients, hypertension was the most prevalent, followed by diabetes and hyperlipidaemia.…”

Characteristics and smoking patterns among adult Jordanian cigarette smokers with cardiovascular diseases

“…[5] Little is known about the history and pattern of smoking in patients with CVD in Jordan. Existing data include two studies by Elshatarat et al, [6,7] an unpublished dissertation; [8] and the two studies [9,10] that evaluated the smoking patterns and knowledge about smoking as an addiction to ascertain the reasons why physicians and nurses smoke at high rates and do not deliver smoking cessation intervention. While patients with existing CVD are at increased risk of a subsequent CVD event, little data exist about the relationships between nicotine withdrawal symptoms, nicotine dependence and willingness to quit smoking after hospital discharge in patients with CVD diagnosis in Jordan.…”