Cigarette Consumption and Nutrient Intake in Indonesia: Study of Cigarette-Consuming Households

Djutaharta, Triasih; Wiyono, Nur Hadi; Monica, Yusnia; Ahsan, Abdillah; Kusuma, Dian; Amalia, Nadira

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.4.1325

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A 10% reduction in cigarette spending will result in a 0.89% rise in spending on animal proteins. This is consistent with earlier research that found smoking has a negative effect on protein intake 31 . Another study also reports reduced budget allocations for eggs, milk, and meat due to increased cigarette use 32 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors Associated with Expenditure on Animal Protein among Indonesian Households

Mauludyani,

Syafiq

2023

AMNT

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Background: Eating animal protein (AP) can prevent stunting in children under five, which currently is still 21.5%. Due to scarce resources, households had trouble distributing the cost and frequently had to choose between it and other food expenses. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between various food expenditures and expenditure on AP among Indonesian households. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using secondary data. Data on household food expenditures on AP, prepared food and beverage, cereals, instant noodles, fruits, cooking oil, cigarette, and sugar, total expenditure, household size, and age and education of household head from 97,467 household samples with children under five were obtained from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) March 2018. Susenas data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Using IBM SPSS Version 22, a multiple linear regression was carried out, adjusted for household socioeconomic factors. Results: The average per-capita household expenditure on AP was IDR 24,912, contributing 4.72% to total food expenditure. This expenditure was higher than that on cereals (3.77%) but lower than that on prepared foods and beverages (6.15%). There was a positive association (p<0.001) between fruits, instant noodles, cooking oil, sugar, and beans and nuts expenditure and AP expenditure. Contrarily, there was an inverse relationship between prepared food and beverage (p<0.001), cereals (p=0.004), and cigarette expenditure (p<0.001) and animal protein expenditure. Conclusions: The amount spent on animal proteins was positively correlated with other food. It is possible that the consumption of animal proteins would increase if household funds were diverted from cigarettes and prepared food and beverage.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Factors Associated with Expenditure on Animal Protein among Indonesian Households

Mauludyani,

Syafiq

2023

AMNT

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“…9 This might be related to the proportion of weekly per capita household expenditures on quality foods such as eggs, fish, fruits, and vegetables were reduced in households where the father was a smoker. 12,13 The present study is consistent with observations from Bangladesh that in low-income families where the father smoked, a large proportion of weekly income was spent on tobacco, diverting money that might be spent on food. 6 These findings also corroborate findings from the National Family Health Survey II in India of 92.486 households in which household tobacco use increased the risk of malnutrition among children.…”

Section: Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Increased Risks Of Stuntingsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Additionally, a statistically significant correlation was found between a household’s cigarette consumption and per capita protein intake. 13 Furthermore, exposure to smoke during early childhood can lead to respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, and other respiratory conditions, impair growth and development. The delicate particulate matter (PM2.5) and other toxic pollutants released from burning solid fuels can irritate the respiratory system and cause inflammation, leading to respiratory infections and chronic respiratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Stunting Among Under-five Children in Rural and Poor Families in Indonesia

Muchlis

Yusuf

Rusydi

et al. 2023

Environ�Health�Insights

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Cigarette smoke exposure in mothers and children is highly prevalent in Asia, especially among rural and poor families. Second-hand smoke exposure might affect the nutritional status of children. Despite the emerging double burden of malnutrition and the very high prevalence of smoking in Indonesia, few studies have examined the effects of parental smoking on children’s nutritional status. This study aims to measure the relationship between family smoking behavior and the occurrence of stunting in children under 5 years. This cross-sectional study used a purposive sampling technique, with 221 households with children aged 0 to 59 months from poor areas in Indonesia. Exposure to cigarette smoke is assessed using The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale questionnaire. The outcome measured is child stunting (height-for-age Z-score). The prevalence of stunting was estimated at 145 (65.6%). Children living with smoking parents were counted for 157 (71%), and most smoking exposure comes from fathers 147 (67.4%). The predictors of stunting in children under 5 years were a smoker father with (AOR 1.8; 95% CI 1.281-4.641), both parents are smokers increasing the risk of stunting with (COR 3.591; 95% CI 1.67-3.77), being exposed of smoke for more than 3 hours a day increase the risk of stunted children (COR 2.05; 95% CI 1.214-3.629), and using traditional cigarette or kretek expand the risk of stunting (AOR 3.19; 95% CI 1.139-67.785). The findings demonstrate the negative impact of parental smoking on children’s growth, reinforcing the importance of reducing smoking prevalence by imposing a smoke-free home policy in the stunting prevention strategy.

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“…4 Consequently, individuals living in a smoking household in the country have lower protein intake than those living in non-smoking families, where the gap in nutritional adequacy is more significant among low-income smokers. 5 Therefore, this study's findings serve as credible evidence that tobacco spending crowds out resources allocated to food and directly contributes to poor diets and nutrition inadequacy among smoking families in Indonesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Previous studies have indicated that poor smoking households in Indonesia divert a substantial portion of an already limited resource to tobacco, reducing their dietary quantity and quality and consequently contributing to a lower nutritional intake among the smoking families. [4][5][6] Over the long run, this crowding-out effect might adversely affect human capital investment, as studies have shown that children living in smoking families in Indonesia are exposed to a higher risk of stunting. 7 The crowding-out effect of tobacco spending has been widely documented in other countries, such as India, Pakistan, Cambodia, Bangladesh, Turkey, South Africa, Zambia, Serbia and Vietnam.…”

Section: Original Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia

Swarnata,

Kamilah,

Wisana

et al. 2024

Tob Control

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BackgroundTobacco consumption is pervasive in Indonesia, with 6 out of 10 households in the country consuming tobacco. Smoking households, on average, divert a significant share (10.7%) of their monthly budget on tobacco products, which is higher than spending on staples, meat or vegetables. Nevertheless, evidence of the causal link between tobacco expenditure and spending on other commodities in Indonesia is limited.ObjectiveThis study aims to estimate the crowding-out effects of tobacco spending on the expenditure of other goods and services in Indonesia.MethodThis research estimates the conditional Engel curve with three-stage least square regression, where the instrumental variable technique is applied to address the simultaneity of tobacco and total non-tobacco spending. The study employs a large-scale household budget survey from the Indonesian socioeconomic survey (Susenas) from 2017 to 2019, comprising over 900 000 households.FindingTobacco spending crowds out the share of a household’s budget allocated for food, such as spending on staples, meat, dairy, vegetables and fruits. Moreover, tobacco spending also reduces the share of expenditure spent on non-food commodities, such as clothing, housing, utilities, durable and non-durable goods, education, healthcare and entertainment, although its effect is not as large as the crowding out on food. The analysis shows that the crowding-out effects of tobacco are observed across low-income, middle-income and high-income households. In addition, the simulation suggests that reducing tobacco expenditure will increase household spending on essential needs.

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Cigarette Consumption and Nutrient Intake in Indonesia: Study of Cigarette-Consuming Households

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Factors Associated with Expenditure on Animal Protein among Indonesian Households

Factors Associated with Expenditure on Animal Protein among Indonesian Households

Cigarette Smoke Exposure and Stunting Among Under-five Children in Rural and Poor Families in Indonesia

Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia

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