Cigarette smoke and related risk factors in neurological disorders: An update

G, Smilin Bell Aseervatham; Choi, Sangdun; Krishnan, Jayalakshmi; Ruckmani, K.

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.118

Cited by 54 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…According to recent studies, differences seen in cognitive functioning of older individuals of different races could be attributed to social and cultural factors. [ 8 – 11 ] In general, the findings from previous research and our results indicate that older adults of African-American and Hispanic descent demonstrate lower performance on cognitive tests compared with whites. [ 23 , 24 ] The observed results can be due to substantial differences in the attainment of education, as it was shown before and further supported by our results that higher level of education is associated with better cognition and a decreased risk for dementia during old age.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…[ 5 ] Finally, lifestyle choices and behaviors have a significant impact on health status in general and cognitive performance in particular. Smoking, [ 8 ] drug (cocaine, opiates, etc) and alcohol abuse, [ 9 ] and physical inactivity [ 2 ] along with several dietary insufficiencies such as zinc, thiamine, folate, and vitamins B6 and B12 [ 3 ] have been associated with compromised cognitive abilities. Neurocognitive performance is affected by nutritional factors obtained through diet: glucose, omega-3 fatty acids, and iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influential factors on cognitive performance in middle-aged cohort

Zhu¹,

Zhao²,

Chen

et al. 2018

Medicine

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Aging-associated cognitive decline is closely linked to illness, dementia, increased mortality, and is a major health and social issue. The purpose of this study was to determine modifiable factors associated with cognitive performance.We analyzed data from a random sample of participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a cross-sectional survey, of the US population, aged 20 to 59 years, who underwent computer-based neurocognitive testing. There were 5 outcome measures in 3 neurocognitive tests: the mean of simple reaction time test, the mean total latency of the symbol digit substitution test (SDST), the average number of errors of the SDST, the average trials to criterion of the serial digit learning test (SDLT), and the average total score of the SDLT.Socioeconomic status, including older age, black ethnicity, lower income ratio, and lower education level, were associated with poorer neurocognitive function in all analyzed tests. In addition, participants with poor health, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers performed worse in all administered tests compared with individuals with good health, smokers, and participants consuming alcoholic beverages. Dietary and biochemical characteristics of the blood were not consistently associated with neurocognitive performance.Our results indicate that socioeconomic factors, health-related and dietary habits, biochemical parameters of the blood, and job category were associated with neurocognitive performance in visual attention, learning, and concentration in a large, nationally representative sample of healthy, ethnically diverse 20 to 59-year-olds. Future studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of cognitive aging and the factors that contribute to its individual differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influential factors on cognitive performance in middle-aged cohort

Zhu¹,

Zhao²,

Chen

et al. 2018

Medicine

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“…The exposure of tobacco smoke even at non-toxic concentration induces a robust inflammatory response in cells that influences the cerebrovascular endothelium and circulating immune cells [39]. The inflammatory response and reduced cerebral blood flow, which are both are common in chronic smokers, result in exaggerated the damage of BBB, suggesting its contribution toward cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke [40]. It has been claimed by various studies that smoking increases the risk of neuroinflammatory disorders, i.e., Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis [40].…”

Section: Chronic Smoking: a Major Comorbid Factor For Bbb Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inflammatory response and reduced cerebral blood flow, which are both are common in chronic smokers, result in exaggerated the damage of BBB, suggesting its contribution toward cerebrovascular disease and ischemic stroke [40]. It has been claimed by various studies that smoking increases the risk of neuroinflammatory disorders, i.e., Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis [40]. A previous study showed that chronic prenatal exposure to nicotine could induce the unusual discharge of neurochemicals, followed by several pathological consequences in children.…”

Section: Chronic Smoking: a Major Comorbid Factor For Bbb Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic Brain Injury and Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB): Underlying Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Influence of Cigarette Smoking as a Premorbid Condition

Sivandzade

Alqahtani

Cucullo

2020

IJMS

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most pressing global health issues and prevalent causes of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders all over the world. In addition to the brain injury, TBI may also alter the systemic immune response. Thus, TBI patients become vulnerable to infections, have worse neurological outcomes, and exhibit a higher rate of mortality and morbidity. It is well established that brain injury leads to impairments of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function, contributing to the loss of neural tissue and affecting the response to neuroprotective drugs. Thus, stabilization/protection of the BBB after TBI could be a promising strategy to limit neuronal inflammation, secondary brain damage, and acute neurodegeneration. Herein, we present a review highlighting the significant post-traumatic effects of TBI on the cerebrovascular system. These include the loss of BBB integrity and selective permeability, impact on BBB transport mechanisms, post-traumatic cerebral edema formation, and significant pathophysiological factors that may further exacerbate post-traumatic BBB dysfunctions. Furthermore, we discuss the post-traumatic impacts of chronic smoking, which has been recently shown to act as a premorbid condition that impairs post-TBI recovery. Indeed, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with TBI damage is essential to better understand the pathogenesis and progression of post-traumatic secondary brain injury and the development of targeted treatments to improve outcomes and speed up the recovery process. Therapies aimed at restoring/protecting the BBB may reduce the post-traumatic burden of TBI by minimizing the impairment of brain homeostasis and help to restore an optimal microenvironment to support neuronal repair.

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“…The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, which contributes to 70% of the cases. There are several factors that contribute to neurological disease such as genetics, physical injuries, infections, ageing, lifestyle, nutrition and environmental factors [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The treatment of neurological diseases includes the administration of the therapeutics topically, orally and intravenously and the use of device-based therapies such as deep brain stimulation, surgeries and rehabilitation [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ-Based Gels for Nose to Brain Delivery for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Aderibigbe

2018

Pharmaceutics

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In situ-based gel drug delivery systems that can bypass the blood-brain barrier, deliver the therapeutics to the desired site, reduce peripheral toxicity and control drug release kinetics have been developed. Some of the therapeutics used to treat neurological diseases suffer from poor bioavailability. Preclinical reports from several researchers have proven that the delivery of drugs to the brain via the nose-to-brain route using in situ gels holds great promise. However, safety issues on the toxicity of the nasal mucosa, transportation of the drugs to specific brain regions and determination of the required dose are factors that must be considered when designing these gels. This review will be focused on in situ-based gels that are used for the delivery of therapeutics via the nose-to-brain route, preclinical reports and challenges.

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Cigarette smoke and related risk factors in neurological disorders: An update

Cited by 54 publications

References 91 publications

Influential factors on cognitive performance in middle-aged cohort

Influential factors on cognitive performance in middle-aged cohort

Traumatic Brain Injury and Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB): Underlying Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Influence of Cigarette Smoking as a Premorbid Condition

In Situ-Based Gels for Nose to Brain Delivery for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

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