Cigarette smoke as a noxious stimulus in self-managed aversion therapy for compulsive eating: Technique and case illustration

The bulimic syndrome in normal weight individuals: A review

“…The use of aversive techniques such as cigarette smoke as a noxious stimulus have been used with obese compulsive eaters and may eventually also prove useful in normal weight bulimics Morganstern, (1974).…”

Presidential Address-1974: From Explanation to Action in Psychosomatic Medicine: The Case of Obesity

“…Reports of weight losses by individual patients of 102,35 and 96 pounds, respectively, have been reported to follow rewards (5,57,75), while a weight loss of 40 pounds has followed punishment (58).…”

“…When foul odors were paired with specific high calorie foods, stable taste aversions were produced that purportedly resulted in major weight losses in six persons (21). More recently, cigarette smoke was utilized in a similar manner to produce specific aversions to three hard-to-control high calorie foods and a 40 pound weight loss in a young woman (58). More simply, "doctoring" of certain high calorie foods with a combination of mineral oil and castor oil was utilized, with reported effectiveness, as part of a larger treatment package (61).…”

Obesitas Och Anorexia Nervosa

“…I behandlingen far den overviktige se, lukta pa eller smaka pa "forbjuden" mat och i omedelbar anslutning till detta utsatts han for ett aversivt stimulus. De aversiva stimuli som anvants ar elektriska stOtar (Meyer & Crisp, 1964;Stollak, 1967;Wijesinghe, 1973;Wolpe, 1954), smorsyrelukt (Kennedy & Foreyt, 1968) samt cigarrettrok (Morganstern, 1974).…”