Cigarette smoke decreases organic acids levels and population of bifidobacterium in the caecum of rats

Tomoda, Koichi; Kubo, Kaoru; Asahara, Takashi; Andoh, Akira; Nomoto, Koji; Nishii, Yasue; Yamamoto, Yoshihiko; Yoshikawa, Masayuki; Kimura, Hiroshi

doi:10.2131/jts.36.261

Cited by 72 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The changes of proportion in organic acids in the gut are thought to be closely related with not only the inflammation in intestinal mucosa but also systemic effects in UC (Rodriguez-Cabezas et al, 2003). Recently, our study has demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure to rats for 4 weeks altered the gut environment (Tomoda et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The animals were compulsorily exposed to cigarette smoke using a tobacco smoke exposure apparatus (MIPS, Inc., Osaka, Japan) based on the method of Tomoda et al (2011). All smoke exposure experiments were carried out using filtered tipped Long Peace cigarettes (Japan Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), the nicotine and tar contents of which are 2.3 mg and 28 mg per cigarette, respectively.…”

Section: Methods Of Cigarette Smoke Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppressed anti-oxidant capacity due to a cellulose-free diet declines further by cigarette smoke in mice

et al. 2012

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-Dietary fiber, maintaining the gut environment, contributes to better lung function among smokers. This study was aimed to investigate the role of dietary fiber on the anti-oxidant capacity and gut environment during exposure to cigarette smoke. The anti-oxidant capacity as well as caecal levels of organic acids and population of micro-flora in the gut was measured after 4 months' exposure to cigarette smoke in mice (C57BL/6NcrSlc) fed with a cellulose-free diet. Animals were divided into control diet (AIN-93G)/non-smoke, cellulose-free diet/non-smoke, control diet/smoke, and cellulose-free diet/smoke groups. The anti-oxidant capacity in plasma was significantly suppressed by the cellulose-free diet in the non-smoke exposed mice. The suppression in the anti-oxidant capacity further declined following exposure to cigarette smoke. Both these changes in the anti-oxidant capacity were accompanied with changes in some organic acids levels in caecal contents. The anti-oxidant activity was significantly inversely correlated to succinic acid / acetic acid levels balance in caecal contents. In conclusion the cellulose-free diet suppressed the anti-oxidant capacity in mice, and the suppression further decreased by exposure to cigarette smoke. These changes in the anti-oxidant capacity may be related with changes in the gut environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Methods Of Cigarette Smoke Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressed anti-oxidant capacity due to a cellulose-free diet declines further by cigarette smoke in mice

et al. 2012

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“…smoke altered the gut environment (Tomoda et al, 2011). The increase in glutamine usage related to the alteration in the gut environment caused by cigarette smoke that may partially contribute to the decrease in skeletal muscle BCAA levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animals were compulsively exposed to cigarette smoke using a tobacco smoke exposure apparatus (MIPS, Inc., Osaka, Japan) based on the method by Tomoda et al (2011Tomoda et al ( , 2012. The animals were provided the following 4 groups depending on whether they were exposed to the cigarette smoke and the diets they received: non-smoking/control diet, non-smoking/BCAA-rich diet, smoking/control diet, and smoking/BCAA-rich diet.…”

Section: Experimental Animals and Cigarette Smoke Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Branched-chain amino acid-rich diet improves skeletal muscle wasting caused by cigarette smoke in rats

et al. 2014

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-Cigarette smoke induces skeletal muscle wasting by a mechanism not yet fully elucidated. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in the skeletal muscles are useful energy sources during exercise or systemic stresses. We investigated the relationship between skeletal muscle wasting caused by cigarette smoke and changes in BCAA levels in the plasma and skeletal muscles of rats. Furthermore, the effects of BCAA-rich diet on muscle wasting caused by cigarette smoke were also investigated. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats that were fed with a control or a BCAA-rich diet were exposed to cigarette smoke for four weeks. After the exposure, the skeletal muscle weight and BCAA levels in plasma and the skeletal muscles were measured. Cigarette smoke significantly decreased the skeletal muscle weight and BCAA levels in both plasma and skeletal muscles, while a BCAA-rich diet increased the skeletal muscle weight and BCAA levels in both plasma and skeletal muscles that had decreased by cigarette smoke exposure. In conclusion, skeletal muscle wasting caused by cigarette smoke was related to the decrease of BCAA levels in the skeletal muscles, while a BCAA-rich diet may improve cases of cigarette smoke-induced skeletal muscle wasting.

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“…Currently, only a few studies in nonhuman animals have been published, but they do align with observations in humans, thereby highlighting the cigarette smoke (CS)-dependent shift in the gut microbiota structure. [62][63][64][65] Four weeks of CS exposure induced a decrease of the Bifidobacterium population in the rat cecum. 64 In mice, sidestream smoke exposure increased Clostridium spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

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Boué

Sasso

et al. 2017

Toxicology Research and Application

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The analysis of human microbiome is an exciting and rapidly expanding field of research. In the past decade, the biological relevance of the microbiome for human health has become evident. Microbiome comprises a complex collection of microorganisms, with their genes and metabolites, colonizing different body niches. It is now well known that the microbiome interacts with its host, assisting in the bioconversion of nutrients and detoxification, supporting immunity, protecting against pathogenic microbes, and maintaining health. Remarkable new findings showed that our microbiome not only primarily affects the health and function of the gastrointestinal tract but also has a strong influence on general body health through its close interaction with the nervous system and the lung. Therefore, a perfect and sensitive balanced interaction of microbes with the host is required for a healthy body. In fact, growing evidence suggests that the dynamics and function of the indigenous microbiota can be influenced by many factors, including genetics, diet, age, and toxicological agents like cigarette smoke, environmental contaminants, and drugs. The disruption of this balance, that is called dysbiosis, is associated with a plethora of diseases, including metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, periodontitis, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The importance of the host microbiome for the human health has also led to the emergence of novel therapeutic approaches focused on the intentional manipulation of the microbiota, either by restoring missing functions or eliminating harmful roles. In the present review, we outline recent studies devoted to elucidate not only the role of microbiome in health conditions and the possible link with various types of diseases but also the influence of various toxicological factors on the microbial composition and function.

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Cigarette smoke decreases organic acids levels and population of bifidobacterium in the caecum of rats

Cited by 72 publications

References 16 publications

Suppressed anti-oxidant capacity due to a cellulose-free diet declines further by cigarette smoke in mice

Suppressed anti-oxidant capacity due to a cellulose-free diet declines further by cigarette smoke in mice

Branched-chain amino acid-rich diet improves skeletal muscle wasting caused by cigarette smoke in rats

Exploring the microbiome in health and disease

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