Cigarette Smoke-induced Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia Accompanied with Neutrophilia in the Blood.

Abstract

Smoking causes various changes in the lung. This report describes a case of cigarette smoke-inducedacute eosinophilic pneumonia (CS-AEP) with neutrophilia in the blood. However, the precise mechanismis unknown,so we examined the effect of exposure to cigarette smokeextracts on the production of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-18, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) obtained from the patient. Wefound that IL-8 released from HBECswas involved in neutrophilia in the blood, and is a new factor in the development ofAEP, especially in the early phase. (Internal Medicine 41: 993-996, 2002)

Early-phase Neutrophilia in Cigarette Smoke-induced Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

“…Steroid therapy is known to have a dramatic effect on the function of eosinophils in vitro (29) and in patients with AEP (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). As well, IL-8 secretion from respiratory epithelial cells is suppressed by dexamethasone (23).…”

“…The collection and culture of HBECswere performed as previously described (6,8). Then, HBECs and BEAS-2B cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) as previously described (6).…”

“…Interestingly, neutrophilia in the lung or blood is usually found during the early phase of CS-AEP (4,5), although the precise mechanism remains to be elucidated. Herein we examine three cases of CS-AEP, one case of which was included in our previous report (6).…”

Cigarette smoke induces CXCL8 production by human neutrophilsviaactivation of TLR9 receptor

“…Cigarette smoke activates macrophages and neutrophils to release proinflammatory mediators, chemokines and elastolytic enzymes [14]. CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)8 is an important chemokine produced by macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells and induces the recruitment of neutrophils to the airways [15,16]. As a part of the innate immune response, pattern recognition receptors mediate the interaction between conserved patterns on micro-organisms and the host.…”

Alterations in Smoking Habits Are Associated With Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

“…1,2 Respiratory failure often develops in patients with AEP, but treatment with corticosteroids achieves an excellent response. 1,2 The etiology of AEP is unknown, but several studies [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] have proposed that cigarette smoke is potentially related to the onset of AEP. Philit et al 10 reviewed 22 patients with AEP, including 8 current smokers, and found that 6 of the 8 current smokers had started smoking within 3 months before the onset of AEP.…”