Cigarette Smoking Accelerates Carotid Artery Intimal Hyperplasia in a Dose-Dependent Manner

Abstract

High-dose cigarette smoke accelerates development of intimal hyperplasia and may pose a significant risk factor in developing carotid restenosis.

2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease

“…407,440,468,624,625,628 -630 When periodic duplex scanning is used, hemodynamically significant recurrent stenosis rates of 5% to 7% have been reported in multicenter trials in which the quality of surgery is monitored carefully. 396,403,404,406,440,628,[631][632][633][634][635][636][637][638][639][640][641][642][643][644][645] Recurrent carotid stenosis after CEA is a trimodal phenomenon. The first event is not really recurrence but instead represents an unsatisfactory or incomplete CEA.…”

2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: Executive summary

“…63,176,[276][277][278][279][280][281] Hemodynamically significant recurrent stenosis rates of 5% to 7% have been reported in multicenter trials. 62,176,276,[282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299] Data comparing restenosis after CEA and CAS must be interpreted cautiously because of selection bias and stent-generated artifacts in ultrasound velocity measurements. After 1 year of followup in the SPACE trial, 4.6% of patients who underwent CEA and 10.7% of those undergoing CAS had developed 70% recurrent stenosis as assessed by ultrasound (p50.0009).…”

2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS Guideline on the Management of Patients With Extracranial Carotid and Vertebral Artery Disease: Executive Summary

“…63,176,276 -281 Hemodynamically significant recurrent stenosis rates of 5% to 7% have been reported in multicenter trials. 62,176,276,[282][283][284][285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299] Data comparing restenosis after CEA and CAS must be interpreted cautiously because of selection bias and stent-generated artifacts in ultrasound velocity measurements. After 1 year of follow-up in the SPACE trial, 4.6% of patients who underwent CEA and 10.7% of those undergoing CAS had developed Ն70% recurrent stenosis as assessed by ultrasound (Pϭ0.0009).…”