Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer: a Case-control Study in Serbia

Abstract

Background: Despite the fact that breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide, more than half of the breast cancer risk factors remained unexplained. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of cigarette smoking with risk of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Serbia, covering 382 participants (191 cases and 191 controls). In the analysis of data logistic regression was used. Results: Breast cancer risk was significantly increased in those who quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=2.72; 95% confidence interval -95%CI=1.02-7.27) and in those who quit smoking less than 5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=4.36; 95%CI=1.12-16.88). When smokers were compared with nonsmokers without passive exposure to smoking, former smoking significantly increased breast cancer risk (OR=2.37; 95%CI=1.07-5.24). Risk for breast cancer was significantly increased in those who quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=3.29; 95%CI=1.17-9.27) and in those who quit smoking less than 5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=5.46; 95%CI=1.34-22.28). Conclusions: These data suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer among former smokers in Serbia.

Lifestyle Components and Primary Breast Cancer Prevention

“…According to this study both premenopausal and postmenopausal active smokers experienced increased risk for the intensity of smoking ≥10 cigarettes/day as compared with non-smokers (OR=2.55, 95%CI=1.81-3.60, OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.33-2.37, respectively). Also, a recent small study (191 cases, 191 controls) conducted in Serbia reported significantly increased BC risk among former smokers (Ilic et al, 2013). The group showed that BC risk was increased in women who quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.07-5.24) and in those who stop smoking <5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=5.46, 95%CI=1.34-22.28) when compared with nonsmokers.…”

Relation of Alcohol/Tobacco use with Metastasis, Hormonal (Estrogen and Progesterone) Receptor Status and c-erbB2 Protein in Mammary Ductal Carcinoma

“…Interestingly, some of the first studies actually showed a reduction of the risk of breast cancer with tobacco use (Meara et al, 1989) or alcohol consumption (Adami et al, 1988;Liu, M. et al, 2014b), or no association between smoking and breast cancer (Smith et al, 1994), further more, did not find any association between alcohol consumption and an increased risk of cancers of the lung, bladder, endometrium and ovary (de Menezes et al, 2013), and it was also observed that alcohol consumption may be inversely related to thyroid cancer. And on the other hand, in certain study suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with an elevated risk of breast cancer among former smokers in Serbia (Ilic et al, 2013). However, the authors identified probable factors of confusion that they recommended be taken into account and controlled in future studies.…”

Passive Smoking and Breast Cancer - a Suspicious Link

“…In our study results have been replicated with earlier mean age at presentation in smokers as compared to non smokers which was statistically significant (p value =0.038). A recent small study (191 cases, 191 controls) conducted in Serbia reported significantly increased breast cancer risk among former smokers (Ilic et al, 2013). The group showed that breast cancer risk was increased in women who quit smoking at ≤50 years of age (OR=3.29, 95%CI=1.07-5.24) and in those who stop smoking <5 years before diagnosis of the disease (OR=5.46, 95%CI=1.34-22.28) when compared with nonsmokers.…”