Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk in relation to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a case-control study in Japan

Nishino, Yoshikazu; Minami, Yuko; Kawai, Masaaki; Fukamachi, Kayoko; Sato, Iwao; Ohuchi, Noriaki; Kakugawa, Yoichiro

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-65

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although several groups have described that some of the substances found in cigarette act like estrogens, smoking has been postulated to have antiestrogenic effect and this would explain our fi ndings also that smoking is associated with an increased occurrence of hormone-receptor negative tumors [48], especially when the patients starting to smoke at an early age of </= 19 years [49,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Smoking Habit and Clinico-Biological Parameters of Breast Cancer

Ruibal¹,

Aguiar²,

Menéndez³

et al. 2017

J Tob Stimulated Dis

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyse the possible associations between smoking habit and some clinico-biological parameters of breast infi ltrating ductal carcinomas (IDCs). Material and Methods:The study group included included 291 females with IDC who had undergone no prior treatment. Out of them, 48 were current smoking, 11 quit smoking and 232 never smoking. All were studied at the same Breast Cancer Unit. Age, tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement (N), distant metastasis (M) and histological grade (HG), as well as the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), Ki67, p53, bcl2 and androgen receptor (AR) were analyzed Also, we dose the serum levels of CEA and CA15.3. We can follow up 276 patients during a period of time which ranged between 8 and 240 months (83,3+/-51,8; median 84 months). Results:IDCs of smoking habit subgroup had lower age than nonsmoking habit subgroup and were more frequently bcl-2+ (p 0,083). There were not differences in the other clinico-biological parameters as well as in the follow-up considering recurrences and deaths due to the tumor. Likewise, age of ex-smoking habit subgroup was similar to that observed in active smoking habit subgroup, and lower than that observed in nonsmoking habit subgroup (p: 0,003). Smokers women showed more frequently history of contraceptives intake (26,4% vs 7,8% ; p<0,001). When we considered the molecular subtypes of IDCs, we not observed any statistically difference; nevertheless, when we analyzed current and quit versus never smoking patients, , we noted than luminal B subtype was less frequent in those (p: 0,068) and the tumors were more frequent bcl-2 positive (p:0,048) than never smoking subgroup. Conclusion:Our results led us to the following: 1) Women with IDCs and smoking habit had lower age and the tumors were more frequently bcl2 positive than never smoking habit; 2) age of ex smoking habit subgroup was similar to that observed in active smoking habit subgroup, and lower than that observed in nonsmoking habit subgroup ; 3) in smoking/ex-smoking women luminal B molecular subtype was less frequent than in nonsmoking women. The smoking habit has been subject of intense study since its modifi able factor character. We know that there is a higher risk of benign tumors, preferably fi broadenomas, in current smokers, but without statistically signifi cant [2,3] and that tobacco smoke has been implicated in various human disease conditions and the International Agency for Research on Cancer identifi ed tobacco smoking as the cause of cancer at more organ sites that any other human carcinogen [4]. In relation to breast cancer, some groups have denied such a relationship [5][6][7][8][9]; others have shown a positive discreet relationship especially in premenopausal women [10][11][12][13], others an inverse relationship [14,15], and fi nally some suggest an increased risk associated with time, quantity and age of onset of the habit [12][13][14][15][16]. Xue et al. [17] observed that...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Smoking Habit and Clinico-Biological Parameters of Breast Cancer

Ruibal¹,

Aguiar²,

Menéndez³

et al. 2017

J Tob Stimulated Dis

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“…Another recent prospective study of Kabat et al's (2011) (148,030 women including 300 triple-negative BC cases and 2,479 women with ER + BC) reported HR=1.24, 95%CI=1.06-1.44 for women with ER + and with ≥40 pack-years of smoking, presenting a modest increase in the risk. In turn, in a recent casecontrol study carried out in Japan (1,263 cases and 3,160 controls), Nishino et al (2014) found no significant relationship between history of smoking and BC risk for any ER/PR subtype. However, the authors observed the significantly increased risk among postmenopausal women with ER -/PR -status who started to smoke at of ≤19 years (OR=7.01, 95%CI=2.07-23.73).…”

Section: Smokingmentioning

confidence: 87%

Lifestyle Components and Primary Breast Cancer Prevention

Kruk¹

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Breast cancer primary prevention is a high research priority due to the high psychological and economic costs. The disease is a multistep process and several risk factors have been recognized. Over the past three decades numerous studies have investigated the association of lifestyle with breast cancer, showing independent effects of various factors. We report here a summary of the present state of knowledge on the role of lifestyle patterns, such as physical activity, diet, smoking, hormone therapy, and experience of psychological stress in the modulation of breast cancer in women, and discuss commonly accepted biological mechanisms hypothesized as responsible for the associations. The findings indicate that regular physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity is probably linked with the decreased breast cancer risk among postmenopausal females and suggestive for a decrease of the risk in premenopausal women. In contrast, the consumption of high-fat diet, alcohol intake, and use of combined estrogen and synthetic progestagen hormonal therapy may increase the risk. Epidemiological findings dealing with a role of smoking and experience of psychological stress are conflicting.

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“…In our study, receptor status reviewed in 100 breast cancer patients showed no significant difference between never smokers and passive smokers. In a recent case control study carried out in Japan (1,263 cases and 3,160 controls), Nishino et al (2014) found no significant relationship between history of smoking and BC risk for any ER/PR subtype. However, the authors observed the significantly increased risk among postmenopausal women with ER-/ PR-status who started to smoke at ages of ≤19 years (OR=7.01, 95%CI=2.07-23.73).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Passive Smoking and Breast Cancer - a Suspicious Link

Malik

Jeyaraj²,

Shankar³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women in the world. The disease is caused by infectious and non-infectious, environmental and lifestyle factors. Tobacco smoke has been one of the most widely studied environmental factors wiith possible relevance to breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of tobacco smoking in breast cancer patients in a hospital based cohort and to establish prognostic implications if any. Materials and Methods: A retrospective audit of 100 women with pathological diagnosis of invasive breast cancer was included in this study. The verbal questionnaire elicited information on current and previous history of exposure to smoking in addition to active smoking. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including stage at presentation, alcohol intake, hormonal replacement therapy, oral contraceptive intake, obesity and menopausal status. Results: The mean age at presentation of breast cancer was 51.4 ± 10.86 years. Mean age of presentation was 53.1±11.5 and 45.7±11.9 years in never smokers and passive smokers, respectively. Age at presentation varied widely in patients exposed to tobacco smoke for >10 years in childhood from 40.3± 12.0 years to 47.7± 13.9 in patients exposed for > 20years as adults. Among passive smokers, 60.9% were premenopausal and 39.1% of patients were postmenopausal. In never smokers, 71.4% were post menopausal. Expression of receptors in non-smokers vs passive smokers was comparable with no significant differences. Metastatic potential in lung parenchyma was slightlyelevated in passive smokers as compared to never smokers although statistically non-significant. Conclusions: An inverse relationship exists between the intensity and duration of smoking and the age at presentation and poor prognostic factors. The results strongly suggest efforts should be taken to prevent smoking, encourage quitting and restrict exposure to second hand smoke in India.

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Cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk in relation to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a case-control study in Japan

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Smoking Habit and Clinico-Biological Parameters of Breast Cancer

Smoking Habit and Clinico-Biological Parameters of Breast Cancer

Lifestyle Components and Primary Breast Cancer Prevention

Passive Smoking and Breast Cancer - a Suspicious Link

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