Cigarette Smoking and Fertility

Abstract

A strong body of evidence indicates that the negative effect of cigarette smoking on fertility comprises fairly every system involved in the reproductive process. The impact of cigarette smoking on ovarian reserve is clearly evidenced by younger age at menopause of smokers. Tobacco compounds' impairment of the process of ovarian follicle maturation is expressed by worse in-vitro fertilization parameters in cycles performed on women with smoking habits. Also, uterine receptiveness and tubal function are significantly altered by the smoking habit. In men, cigarette smoking reduces sperm production, increases oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Spermatozoa from smokers have reduced fertilizing capacity, and embryos display lower implantation rates. Couples at reproductive age should be strongly discouraged to smoke.

Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are enemy of male fertility? A patho-radiological correlation study

“…Both smoking and alcohol has adverse effects particularly on male fertility proven by some studies. 9,10,12 Smoking leads to increase in reactive oxygen species, which affect sperm quality. 9 In many cases, good testicular functioning can recompense the hazardous effects of these free radical's injury.…”

“…9,10,12 Smoking leads to increase in reactive oxygen species, which affect sperm quality. 9 In many cases, good testicular functioning can recompense the hazardous effects of these free radical's injury. Sperm count is the measurement of effectiveness of spermatogenesis and sperm motility indicates epididymal maturation and sperm functional capability.…”

“…Similarly, alcohol had detrimental effects on sperm count, motility and morphology as shown in some studies. [9][10][11][12][13] Most of the patients of this study had abnormal sperm morphology who was chronic alcoholic. These results were in concordance with previous studies 9,12-14 with statistically significant correlation between alcohol consumption and testicular atrophy.…”

“…Moderate or high alcohol intake (≥15.4 gm/day) is associated with an increase in morphologically abnormal sperm. 9 Alcohol consumption can reduce the quantity of sperm a man produces and the quality of those sperms also. One way by which alcohol does this is by preventing absorption of zinc in body in normal way.…”

Preventing Effect of Vitamin E on Oocytes Apoptosis in Morphine-treated Mice

“…Smoking can affect quality of follicle, oocyte maturation, fertility and pregnancy rate (2) smoking can also cause follicles loss and chromosomal anomalies (3, 4). …”