Cigarette Smoking Augments Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract

SUMMARYIt has been shown that cigarette smoking increases blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and decreases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in healthy young smokers. The decrease in MSNA might be secondary to baroreflex responses to the pressor effect. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases MSNA in smokers with impaired baroreflex function.The effects of cigarette smoking on BP, HR, forearm blood flow (FBF), forearm vascular resistance (FVR), and MSNA were examined in 14 patients with stable effort angina (59 ± 3 years, group CAD) and 10 healthy smokers (23 ± 1 years, group C). In group CAD, the arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was significantly lower than in group C (4.7 ± 0.8 versus 15.1 ± 2.2 msec/mmHg, P < 0.01). In both groups, cigarette smoking increased the plasma concentration of nicotine, systolic and diastolic BP, HR, and FVR significantly (P < 0.01), but decreased FBF significantly (P < 0.01). After smoking, MSNA was decreased significantly in group C (from 35.2 ± 3.5 to 23.5 ± 3.2 bursts/100 beats, P < 0.01), but increased significantly in group CAD (from 48.8 ± 5.4 to 57.3 ± 5.5 bursts/100 beats, P < 0.01). There was significant correlation between BRS and changes in MSNA (r = -0.62, P < 0.01).Cigarette smoking increased MSNA in smokers with impaired baroreflex function. This demonstrates that cigarette smoking stimulates sympathetic nerve activity by both a direct peripheral effect and a centrally mediated effect. (Int Heart J 2008; 49: 261-272)

Efeitos agudos do tabagismo sobre a modulação autonômica: análise por meio do plot de poincaré

“…The acute effects of smoking are attributed mainly to the action of nicotine that binds to nicotinic cholinergic receptors present in the autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junctions and central nervous system, which, when stimulated, increase the release of several neurotransmitters 34,35 . The nicotine and others substances found in cigarettes also stimulate the release of adrenalin into the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).…”

“…The first is a direct effect on the central nervous system; and the second is a stimulatory effect on the ganglionic sympathetic transmission that leads to a subsequent increase in the postganglionic efferent sympathetic activity; and the third, is an effect on the sympathetic peripheral nervous terminations 34,37 . For Grassi et al 38 , in addition to the peripheral adrenergic stimulation, there is a partial loss by baroreflex capacity to contain it.…”

Effect of Smoking and Drinking Habits on the Nutrient Intakes and Health of Middle and High School Boy Students

“…2) Significant at p＜0.05 by ANOVA-test. 3) NS: statistically no significant difference at p<0.05 by ANOVA-test and χ 2 -test. 4) N (%): number of students, the relative % of students.…”

Exacerbation of Viral Myocarditis by Tobacco Smoke: The Catecholamine Hypothesis

“…Nicotine is the most comprehensively studied constituent of cigarette smoke, and has been shown to act primarily on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in autonomic ganglia and in the brain (Benowitz, 2008;Mobascher & Winterer, 2008). This results in activation of the sympathetic nervous system, increasing the release of epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) from adrenergic nerve endings and the adrenal medulla, both systemically and into the local milieu of adrenergically innervated organs, including the heart (Haass & Kϋbler, 1997;Adamopoulos, et al, 2008;Shinozaki et al, 2008). Cigarette smoke also contains monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Cooper & Magwere, 2008;Fowles & Bates, 2000;Herraiz et al, 2005).…”

“…Sympathomimetic agents that may initiate or exacerbate myocarditis. associated increases in heart rate, blood pressure and coronary vasoconstriction (Haass & Kϋbler, 1997, Adamopoulos et al, 2008, Shinozaki et al, 2008. Nicotine may also potentiate catecholamine actions, perhaps via effects on nitric oxide synthesis or release (Haass & Kϋbler, 1997).…”