Cigarette Smoking Causes Hearing Impairment among Bangladeshi Population

Sumit, Ahmed Faisal; Das, Anindya; Sharmin, Zinat; Ahsan, Nazmul; Ohgami, Nobutaka; Kato, Masashi; Akhand, Anwarul A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0118960

Cited by 26 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Strong positive correlation was found in our study between age of smokers and hearing level. Our results are in agreement with previous studies, which reported that combined effects of age and smoking might severely affect the hearing abilities 14,24,25,27,28 . The hearing loss in the young adults is alarming since it might affect the future life of these adults.…”

Section: Table I: Hearing Loss In Smokers and Non-smokerssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…It was reported, that 100% of the smokers who smoked for more than 20 years have hearing loss, similarly, we also report here that those who smoker for more than 10 years have hearing loss. Several other studies also reported the similar results 4, 27,34 . This suggests that hearing can be affected with both frequency and duration of cigarette smoking.…”

Section: Table I: Hearing Loss In Smokers and Non-smokerssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…The hearing loss in the young adults is alarming since it might affect the future life of these adults. We report here that the frequency of cigarette smoking might cause the increase prevalence of hearing loss, several other studies also reported the higher frequency of cigarette smoking as the leading cause of hearing loss 4, 23,24,29,30 , however the difference between the sub groups have been found nonsignificant in the study carried out in Bangladesh population 27 , similarly we have also shown that as the frequency of cigarette smoking increases the hearing loss increase. In addition to the frequency of cigarettes smoking, we also report that duration of smoking as the factor for hearing loss as has been reported in other studies 23,[31][32][33] .…”

Section: Table I: Hearing Loss In Smokers and Non-smokerssupporting

confidence: 58%

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Association of Cigarette Smoking with Hearing Loss in Young Male Adults of Hyderabad, Pakistan

2018

J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of cigarettes smoking on hearing loss in young adult's aged ≤ 35 years. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional research was carried out in the ENT department of Combined Military Hospital Hyderabad. The hearing loss was assessed by Audiometry, Whisper test, Rinne's test and Webbers test. The young healthy adults with no known history of exposure to extreme noise were included. All the participants which had any type of infections or any otic injury were excluded from study. The audiometry was performed on the audiometer MAICO-MA39 (Berlin Germany) at Combined Military Hospital Hyderabad. RESULTS: In this study, 148 apparently healthy participants were selected, out of 148, 73 were smokers and 75 were nonsmokers. The age of the participants ranged between 20 to 35 years with the mean age of smokers 28.99±3.731, and nonsmokers 28.00±4.451 non-smokers. The data collected indicate significantly higher prevalence of hearing loss in smokers 49.31%, P < 0.01 than in non-smokers (30.66%). Age of smokers was positively correlated (r = 0.427, P < 0.01) with hearing loss. Frequency of cigarettes smoked per day was positively correlated (r=0.715, P < 0.01) and year of smoking was also positively correlated with hearing loss (r = 0.620). The correlation of frequency of cigarette smoking and duration of smoking with hearing level was extremely significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cigarette smoking is associated with hearing loss in young adults; this study will be helpful in making public health policies.

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Section: Table I: Hearing Loss In Smokers and Non-smokerssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Table I: Hearing Loss In Smokers and Non-smokerssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Table I: Hearing Loss In Smokers and Non-smokerssupporting

confidence: 58%

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Association of Cigarette Smoking with Hearing Loss in Young Male Adults of Hyderabad, Pakistan

2018

J Liaquat Uni Med Health Sci

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“…Toxic cigarette substances induce direct oxidative damage mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals that are capable of damaging many cellular components such as DNA, protein and lipids 8 , leading to neurosensory hearing loss that affects especially higher frequencies. Indirect damage is mediated by the vasospastic effect caused by nicotine, by the acceleration of atherosclerosis in the vascular loops of the auditory system 9 and by the increased levels of carboxyhaemoglobin and increased blood viscosity. All these factors reduce oxygen perfusion in the organ of Corti 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Smoking on Eustachian Tube and Hearing

Pezzoli¹,

Lofaro²,

Olivi³

et al. 2017

The International Tinnitus Journal

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tobacco use on the Eustachian tube and inner ear function. Study Design: Case-control study. Subjects and settings: Thirty-one nonsmoking volunteers and 34 smoking subjects recruited in an University Hospital, submitted to an audiological evaluation including pure tone audiometry, basal tympanogram, stapedial reflexes analysis, and nine-step eustachian tube (ET) function test. Results: Pure Tone Average (PTA) threshold at all frequencies tested was 12.5 dB in smokers and 3.7 in nonsmoking subjects. Nine smokers (27%) presented some degree of hearing loss versus none in the nonsmoker group. Linear regression analysis showed a higher degree of sensorineural hearing loss with age in smokers. Among the smokers, 20 subjects (59%) presented an impaired tubal function for the nine-step inflation/deflation tympanometric test, while only 6 (19%) subjects in the group of nonsmokers showed a tubal dysfunction. Conclusion: Tobacco use may reduce the ability to hear, mainly causing a sensorineural hearing loss for higher frequencies. We also found the presence of a high number of smokers suffering from tubal dysfunction. This has an important clinical relevance, not only because smoking increases the incidence of middle ear diseases, but also because tubal dysfunction may cause nonspecific symptoms characterised by ear fullness and difficulties in middle ear equalisation.

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“…Previous studies have stated that duration of habits more than 5-7 years was considered as longer duration of the habit. [15] Repeated exposure to tobacco and its harmful constituents results in structural and functional changes of saliva. Cigarette smoke contains about 4000 bioactive compounds and 300 carcinogenic contents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of salivary flow rate and salivary pH in subjects with smoking and smokeless form of tobacco habits

Shubha¹,

Fasalkar²,

Praveen³

et al. 2018

JMRPS

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Habitual "psychoactive substance (PS) use" is defined as the repeated use of PS, despite the knowledge of its negative health consequences. [1] Some of the readily available PSs are alcohol, tobacco, and arecanut. [2] Tobacco, either as smoked or smokeless form, is one of the most commonly used PS. [3] Smoked tobacco forms are cigarettes, cigars, and loose tobacco in pipes or handmade beedies. [4] Smokeless form of tobacco is available as unflavored tobacco, traditional betel quid, and flavored forms, such as Khaini, Zarda, Mishri, and Datun, or is available in combination with arecanut such as Gutkha and mawa. [4,5] Whether usage of smoked or smokeless tobacco forms have systemic as well as locoregional effects. [6] In oral cavity, saliva is the first biological fluid that gets exposed to the toxic chemicals present in tobacco or arecanut. [5,7] Saliva is a complex secretion of the oral cavity, wherein 93% of volume is secreted by the major salivary glands and remaining 7% is secreted by minor glands. [8] Saliva is composed of 99% of water, 1% of organic and inorganic molecules, and various antibacterial substances. Saliva plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis of the oral cavity. [8,9] Daily secretion of saliva ranges from 0.75 to 1.5 L/day. Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (SFR) is about 0.3-0.5 ml/min. The normal pH of saliva ranges from 6.7 to 7.3. The buffering capacity of saliva is an important factor and it usually correlates with flow rate, decrease in the flow rate tends to decrease buffering capacity thereby decreasing the salivary pH (acidic), making the oral mucosa and dental structures more vulnerable to changes, [10] and thus the quantity and quality of saliva are important in maintaining the integrity of oral health. [11] Reduction in the quantity of saliva is known as hyposalivation or xerostomia. Xerostomia is the perceived feeling of dry mouth which may or may not be associated with salivary gland hypofunction. It is subjective and can be measured by means of questionnaires. On the other hand, hyposalivation is a demonstrable reduction in SFR that can be measured objectively by collecting saliva over a specified period of time. Assessment of

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Cigarette Smoking Causes Hearing Impairment among Bangladeshi Population

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Association of Cigarette Smoking with Hearing Loss in Young Male Adults of Hyderabad, Pakistan

Association of Cigarette Smoking with Hearing Loss in Young Male Adults of Hyderabad, Pakistan

Effects of Smoking on Eustachian Tube and Hearing

Assessment of salivary flow rate and salivary pH in subjects with smoking and smokeless form of tobacco habits

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