Cigarette smoking, comorbidity, and general health among survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer

Abstract

Smoking among survivors of AYA cancer is associated with greater comorbidities and poorer general health. Younger survivors may need to be targeted for effective smoking cessation interventions. Addressing cigarette smoking during medical visits may encourage survivors to quit smoking. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2895-2905. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

Sociodemographic disparities in the occurrence of medical conditions among adolescent and young adult Hodgkin lymphoma survivors

“…While it has been well-established that AYA cancer survivors are at increased risk for chronic health conditions and late effects of treatment compared to AYAs without cancer [2,15,4,3], this is the first U.S. population-based study of AYAs to examine the influence of race/ethnicity, neighborhood SES and health insurance on these outcomes. Long-term AYA HL survivors in Denmark were found to be at increased risk of hospitalization for the medical conditions considered in this study, including second cancers, circulatory system, respiratory system and endocrine diseases [15,26].…”

“…Adolescents and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors have an elevated risk of health problems as a result of their curative intent cancer therapy [1], including a higher prevalence of asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, stroke and diabetes [2,3], and an over-two fold increased rate of cardiovascular disease [4], compared to AYAs without cancer. For one of the most common cancers among AYAs (15 to 39 years of age), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) [5], outcomes have improved substantially over time, but striking sociodemographic disparities in survival persist [6].…”

Cost‐related medication nonadherence among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors

“…17,[19][20][21][22] We used the NHIS adult survey data component, which includes information on health conditions for adults 18 years old or older. The NHIS is a nationwide health-related survey of the US noninstitutionalized civilian population, and it is frequently used for conducting health outcomes research.…”

“…15,17,26 The predicted values from this logistic regression (ie, the estimated propensity scores) were used to identify the comparison-group individual with the nearest score for each survivor (1:1 matching), and this resulted in 953 matched adults without cancer who were prescribed medications in the previous year. To do this, a logistic regression model was estimated for the pooled sample of survivors and adults aged 18 to 64 years who reported no history of cancer and were prescribed medications in the previous year.…”

“…4,5 However, nonadherence to prescription medications compromises cancer treatment and patient health outcomes, and it has been shown to be associated with excess mortality, 6 morbidity, 7 and higher health care costs. [15][16][17][18] Yet, we lack detailed information on cost-related medication nonadherence among AYA cancer survivors in the United States. Survivors of AYA cancer form a distinct patient population compared with children or older adults with cancer.…”