Cigarette smoking is associated with unhealthy patterns of food consumption, physical activity, sleep impairment, and alcohol drinking in Chinese male adults

Abstract

Objectives According to a recent national survey, tobacco use is a critical public health issue in China, with more than two thirds of Chinese males smoking. Findings in Western populations suggest that smoking may cluster with other health-risk behaviors. To explore these relationships in Chinese male adults, we utilized baseline data from the China Seven Cities Study (CSCS). Methods Male adults (N=12,122) were included. Smoking status was defined as never smokers, ex-smokers, current smokers, and current heavy smokers. Logistic regression was employed to investigate the association of cigarette smoking and patterns of food consumption, physical activity, and alcohol drinking. Results After controlling for age, socioeconomic status, and city residence, heavy smokers consumed significantly less vegetables, fruits, milk and other dairy products, spent significantly more time watching television, slept and exercised less, and got drunk or engaged in binge drinking more frequently compared to never, ex, or current smokers (p<0.05). Conclusion Findings suggest significant associations of heavy cigarette smoking with other health-risk behaviors in Chinese male adults, underscoring the need for tobacco control interventions for Chinese males.

The Relationship between the Number of Daily Health-Related Behavioral Risk Factors and Sleep Health of the Elderly in China

“…Substantial concrete evidence indicated that there was a significant negative effect on the individual's sleep health when people engaged in health-related risk behavior(s) [19,20,32,33]. This study concluded that with an increase in health-related risk behaviors, the negative effects on sleep health could be further increased, at least for both the increased prevalence of sleep problems and the deterioration of sleep quality.…”

“…Previous studies from developed countries or regions have confirmed the link between specific behaviors and sleep health. Health-related behavioral risk factors, including tobacco use, alcohol drinking, unhealthy dietary behaviors, as well as insufficient time for leisure activities and physical inactivity, have been shown to be associated with sleep health [17,19,20,32,33]. The results of these studies provide the theoretical basis for developing interventions that specifically target a particular health-related risk behavior.…”

“…Although this is the first study to address the cross-sectional relationship between daily health-related behavioral risk factors and sleep among the elderly, in China, our findings need to be considered in light of some limitations. First, variables, including daily health-related behaviors, prevalence of sleep problems, and sleep quality were self-reported, although the validity of these measures has been well-established with respect to objective measures of epidemiological studies and subjective reports of health outcomes, for example, sleep problems were commonly used in conventional epidemiological studies [29,32,36]. Secondly, recall bias due to false or inaccurate responses from the participants could have played a role in our results.…”

Physical activity, smoking, and the incidence of clinically diagnosed insomnia

“…This suggests that promoting physical activity among smokers might help to prevent the development of clinical insomnia. Smoking prevalence is generally higher among disadvantaged groups (42) and heavy smokers tend to engage in more unhealthy behaviors such as poor dietary choice and inactive and sedentary behaviors (43). Research indicates that active smokers are more likely to engage in inexpensive, low-intensity, and solitary leisure-time physical activities than in formal organized exercise programs (44).…”

The relationship between smoking and convivial, intimate and negative coping alcohol consumption in young adults

“…Smoking has been reported to have high co‐occurrence with additional behavioural risk factors (Masood et al., ), and particularly alcohol consumption and abuse (de Siqueira Galil et al., ; So & Yeo, ). Interestingly, alcohol consumption can predict future smoking (Chung & Joung, ,b; O'Loughlin, Dugas, O'Loughlin, Karp, & Sylvestre, ) and smoking can predict future alcohol consumption (Myers, Doran, Edland, Schweizer, & Wall, ) and these associations are noted from early adolescence (Hagger‐Johnson et al., ) to college years, multiplying the acute and chronic adverse social and health consequences for young adults.…”