Cigarette Smoking Is Not Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in Young Women

Prescott, Jennifer; Ma, Hui; Bernstein, Leslie; Ursin, Giske

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0873

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Conversely, smoking is also associated with factors which are associated with decreased breast cancer risk including lower BMI, lower levels of estrogen in the blood, and younger age at menopause, and it has been suggested that it may have an anti‐estrogenic effect . This latter hypothesis lacks support from epidemiologic studies which have more commonly observed a small positive association, though other studies have shown no association . Few studies have assessed the association between smoking and breast cancer by subtype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Alcohol, smoking, and risk of Her2‐overexpressing and triple‐negative breast cancer relative to estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer

Baglia

Cook

Mei‐Tzu

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidemiological evidence is limited on how alcohol consumption and smoking are associated with risk of different subtypes of breast cancer, such as triple-negative (TN) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing (H2E) breast cancers, which may have different etiologies from more common luminal (estrogen receptor [ER+]) breast cancers. In this population-based case-case study, we evaluated the association between alcohol, smoking, and risk of H2E and TN breast cancer, compared with ER+ breast cancers, among women aged 20-69 years. Using polytomous regression, associations between alcohol consumption, smoking, and breast cancer risk were evaluated in 909 ER+, 1,290 TN, and 489 H2E breast cancer patients, with ER+ breast cancer patients as the reference group. Current alcohol consumption at diagnosis was associated with a lower risk of H2E breast cancer (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.92) relative to ER+ cancers. No difference in association was observed by menopausal status. No association between alcohol consumption and TN breast cancer relative to ER+ breast cancer was observed. Women who smoked did not have an altered risk of TN or H2E breast cancer, relative to ER+ cancer. Our results suggest that alcohol is associated with lower risk of H2E breast cancer relative to ER+ breast cancer. This study adds to the body of epidemiologic evidence that breast cancer etiology differs by breast cancer subtype.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Alcohol, smoking, and risk of Her2‐overexpressing and triple‐negative breast cancer relative to estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer

Baglia

Cook

Mei‐Tzu

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The effect of cigarette smoking as a possible breast cancer risk factor (66)(67)(68)(69) has been controversial (70); the effect varies according to starting age, intensity, duration, induction period (71)(72)(73), and some have suggested an interaction with certain genes (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Lifestyle on the Risk of Breast Cancer

Sánchez-Zamorano

Flores-Luna

Ángeles-Llerenas

et al. 2011

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Many studies have analyzed the effect of behavioral risk factors such as common lifestyle patterns on the risk of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a healthy lifestyle index on the risk of breast cancer.Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in Mexico from 2004 to 2007. One thousand incident cases and 1,074 controls, matched to cases by 5-year age category, region, and health institution, participated in the study. A healthy lifestyle index was developed by means of principal components by using dietary pattern, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. A conditional logistic regression model was used to assess this association.Results: The healthy lifestyle index was defined as the combined effect of moderate and/or vigorousintensity physical activity, low consumption of fat, processed foods, refined cereals, complex sugars, and the avoidance of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. Results showed a protective effect on both pre-(OR ¼ 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.84) and postmenopausal women (OR ¼ O.20, 95% CI: 0.11-0.37) when highest versus lowest index quintiles were compared.Conclusions: Healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduction in the odds of having breast cancer. Primary prevention of this disease should be promoted in an integrated manner. Effective strategies need to be identified to engage women in healthy lifestyles.Impact: This study is the first to assess a healthy lifestyle index in relation to the risk of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(5); 912-22. Ó2011 AACR.

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“…The majority of past studies of active smoking and breast cancer risk report null associations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9], including a combined analysis of 53 studies with over 58,000 patients with breast cancer [27]. Studies of passive smoking and breast cancer risk are more evenly split between positive [2, 9, 11-13, 16, 18, 20] and null [4,5,8,10,14,17,19] associations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some early studies of passive tobacco smoke exposure were also criticized for failing to capture important sources of lifetime exposure (e.g., accounting for exposure at home, but not at the workplace), which might also have masked a truly elevated breast cancer risk [1]. A majority of studies have shown null associations between active tobacco smoke exposure and breast cancer [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, results from studies of the association between passive tobacco smoke exposure and breast cancer have been conflicting, with several case-control studies reporting positive associations [2,4,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%