Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers

McNeill, Ann; West, Robert; Jarvis, M. J.; Jackson, Paul H.; Bryant, Andrew

doi:10.1007/bf00174074

Cited by 131 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Increasing the duration of nicotine exposure (from 7 to 60 days) and increasing nicotine dose augmented the severity of affective (plus-maze behavior) and somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal. Our findings are consistent with previous clinical results that demonstrated that the levels of nicotine and its main metabolite cotinine in serum or saliva correlated positively with withdrawal severity (McNeill et al, 1986) or relapse (Piasecki et al, 2000). Repeated precipitated withdrawals by mecamylamine during chronic nicotine exposure significantly increased the intensity of affective (anxiety-like behavior) but decreased the severity of somatic signs of nicotine withdrawal.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Spontaneous and Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Mouse

Damaj¹,

Kao²,

Martin³

2003

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

205

252

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nicotine withdrawal syndrome was validated and characterized in the mouse using both somatic and affective measures after infusion with nicotine daily via subcutaneous minipumps. The influence of dose, duration of infusion, and repeated withdrawal as well as the contribution of genetic factors were investigated. We then characterized the contribution of nicotinic receptor and site mechanisms to withdrawal signs using various nicotinic antagonists. Our results showed that spontaneous nicotine withdrawal increased the number of somatic signs, decreased the time spent in open arms of the plus-maze test, and induced hyperalgesia. The effect was dose-dependent in all measures with no significant changes at the lowest dose of nicotine (6 mg/kg/day). Withdrawal signs were prominent shortly after pump removal and remained prominent through day 3 or 4. The results with the different antagonists (mecamylamine, dihydro-␤-erythroidine, and methyllycaconitine) suggest the involvement of several nicotinic subtypes such as ␣3␤4*, ␣4␤2*, and ␣7 in nicotine withdrawal. Increasing the duration of nicotine exposure (from 7 to 60 days) and the total nicotine exposure (increasing doses of infusing) augmented the severity of nicotine withdrawal signs. The withdrawal severity of nicotine differs between C57/BL and 129/SvEv inbred mice with nicotine withdrawal in C57 being more severe than in the 129 strain. In summary, our present results suggest that withdrawal from nicotine can be modulated by genetic factors, daily nicotine intake, duration of nicotine exposure, and withdrawal history. The present study demonstrates that our mouse nicotine withdrawal model will be useful for studying the pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic mechanisms involved in nicotine dependence.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Characterization of Spontaneous and Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Mouse

Damaj¹,

Kao²,

Martin³

2003

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

205

252

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Adolescents experience symptoms of nicotine dependence (Centers for Disease Control, 1994;Colby et al, 2000;DiFranza et al, 2000DiFranza et al, ,2002Fergusson et al, 1996;Kandel et al, 2005;Karp et al, 2006;McNeill et al, 1986;Nelson and Wittchen, 1998;O'Loughlin et al, 2002O'Loughlin et al, ,2003O'Loughlin et al, ,2004Prokhorov et al, 1998Prokhorov et al, ,2001Prokhorov et al, ,2005Rojas et al, 1998;Sledjeski et al, 2007;Stanton, 1995), although crude rates of dependence are lower among adolescents than adults (Andreski and Breslau, 1993;Anthony et al, 1994;Heishman et al, 1997;Kandel, 2003;Kandel et al, 1997;Kandel and Chen, 2000). Age-specific comparisons based on cross-sectional samples document that rates increase rapidly throughout adolescence up to age 18 when they stabilize (Kandel, 2003;Nelson and Wittchen, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the development of nicotine dependence in adolescence

Kandel

Griesler

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

183

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Little is known about the natural history of drug dependence. This article describes the development and predictors of DSM-IV nicotine dependence in adolescence when tobacco use is initiated. In a two-stage design, a survey was administered to 6th-10th graders in the Chicago Public Schools to select a cohort of adolescents. Household interviews were conducted with adolescents five times and with one parent (predominantly mothers) three times over two years. The analytical sample includes 353 youths, who started using tobacco within 12 months preceding Wave 1 or between Waves 1-5. Survival analysis estimated latency to individual DSM-IV nicotine dependence criteria and the full dependence syndrome. Twenty-five percent of youths experienced the syndrome within 23 months of tobacco use onset. Tolerance, impaired control and withdrawal were experienced most frequently. Youths who experienced full dependence experienced their first symptom faster after tobacco use onset than those who experienced only one criterion through the end of the observation period. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the importance of time-constant and time-varying sociodemographic, tobacco and other drug use, parental and peer smoking, social psychological and biological risk factors for experiencing the first criterion and the full syndrome. Pleasant initial sensitivity to tobacco and number of cigarettes smoked the prior month predicted both outcomes. Parental dependence predicted the full syndrome. Significant covariates were generally the same across gender and racial/ethnic subgroups. The predictive significance of the initial smoking experience and parental dependence highlight the potential importance of genetic factors in the etiology of nicotine dependence.

show abstract

“…Nonexperimental studies of abstinence effects in adolescents are limited by tending to rely on retrospective self-report; reports can be biased by the outcome of the quit attempt ( Colby et al, 2000 ) or based on adolescents ' expectations about withdrawal ( McNeill, West, Jarvis, Jackson, Brryant, 1986 ). Prospective studies have also found acute abstinence to produce increased subjective withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers ( Dozois, Farrow, Miser, 1995 ;Killen et al, 2001 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking abstinence and reinstatement effects in adolescent cigarette smokers

Colby

Leventhal

Brazil

et al. 2009

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The study objectives were to examine smoking abstinence and reinstatement effects on subjective experience and cognitive performance among adolescent smokers.Methods: Adolescents (aged 14 -17 years, 60 daily smokers and 32 nonsmokers) participated. Participants completed baseline assessments (Session 1) and returned to the laboratory 1 -3 days later to repeat assessments (Session 2); half of the smokers were randomly assigned to 15 -17 hr tobacco abstinence preceding Session 2.Results: During Session 2, abstaining smokers reported significantly greater increases in withdrawal symptoms, smoking urges, and negative affect compared with smokers who did not abstain and compared with nonsmokers. Smoking reinstatement reversed abstinence effects, returning to baseline levels for smoking urges and negative affect. Abstaining smokers showed signifi cantly enhanced cognitive performance on two of six tasks (two-letter search compared with nonabstaining smokers; serial reaction time compared with nonsmokers); smoking reinstatement resulted in signifi cant decrements on these two tasks relative to nonabstaining smokers. Discussion: Effects of smoking abstinence and reinstatement on self-report measures are consistent with earlier research with adolescent as well as adult smokers and may help to elucidate the motivational underpinnings of smoking maintenance among adolescent smokers. Effects found on cognitive performance were contrary to hypotheses; further research is needed to understand better the role of cognitive performance effects in smoking maintenance among adolescents.

show abstract

Cigarette withdrawal symptoms in adolescent smokers

Cited by 131 publications

References 10 publications

Characterization of Spontaneous and Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Mouse

Characterization of Spontaneous and Precipitated Nicotine Withdrawal in the Mouse

On the development of nicotine dependence in adolescence

Smoking abstinence and reinstatement effects in adolescent cigarette smokers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About