Ciguatoxic Potential of Brown-Marbled Grouper in Relation to Fish Size and Geographical Origin

Chan, Tak‐Mao

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0434

Cited by 12 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This information should be collected in parallel with the ecological surveillance of Gambierdiscus species, presence and abundance, to identify environmental predictors of CFP worldwide [182,185,205,232,323,332,333]. Collaborative, multi-agency, systematic risk assessment frameworks [334] are desirable to collect and share environmental and public health data and ultimately to reduce exposures to CTXs [333].…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Clinical, Epidemiological, Environmental, and Public Health Management

et al. 2017

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Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world. It causes substantial human health, social, and economic impacts. The illness produces a complex array of gastrointestinal, neurological and neuropsychological, and cardiovascular symptoms, which may last days, weeks, or months. This paper is a general review of CFP including the human health effects of exposure to ciguatoxins (CTXs), diagnosis, human pathophysiology of CFP, treatment, detection of CTXs in fish, epidemiology of the illness, global dimensions, prevention, future directions, and recommendations for clinicians and patients. It updates and expands upon the previous review of CFP published by Friedman et al. (2008) and addresses new insights and relevant emerging global themes such as climate and environmental change, international market issues, and socioeconomic impacts of CFP. It also provides a proposed universal case definition for CFP designed to account for the variability in symptom presentation across different geographic regions. Information that is important but unchanged since the previous review has been reiterated. This article is intended for a broad audience, including resource and fishery managers, commercial and recreational fishers, public health officials, medical professionals, and other interested parties.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Updated Review of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Clinical, Epidemiological, Environmental, and Public Health Management

et al. 2017

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“…In ciguatera, consumption of CTX-rich fish parts, increasing age, and repeated CTX exposures are generally associated with more severe illness. 6,28,53,54 Other than the mortality rates and isolated case studies, 28 relatively little was known about the characteristic features and contributory factors in ciguatera-related deaths. Despite fairly extensive literature search, only several reports of fatal cases from the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean regions could be identified ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Ciguatera affects the health and confidence of the consumers. 49 The systematic collection and analysis of epidemiological data on ciguatera should facilitate better assessment, management, and communication of its risk, 6 especially with respect to life-threatening complications and fatalities. 1,22 Ciguatera is rarely fatal unless life-threatening cardiovascular, respiratory, or neurological complications occur without immediate access to emergency care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional reports were identified from the literature database of Center for Food and Drug Safety. [4][5][6]12 All relevant reports were reviewed and the characteristic features and contributory factors in ciguatera-related deaths were determined.…”

Section: Literature Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Therefore, large predatory reef fish (e.g., moray eels, snappers, groupers, Spanish mackerels, barracudas, and humphead wrasse) are more likely to be toxic, with greater levels of the most potent forms of CTX. [1][2][3][4][5][6] CTXs are lipid soluble and heat stable and are concentrated in the fish head, liver, intestines, roe, and other viscera. 7,8 Large outbreaks of ciguatera and ciguatoxic fishes are mainly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea, between the latitudes 35°N and 35°S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristic Features and Contributory Factors in Fatal Ciguatera Fish Poisoning—Implications for Prevention and Public Education

Chan

2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In this review, the main objective was to describe the characteristic features of fatal ciguatera fish poisoning and identify contributory factors, with a view to promote prevention and public education. Ciguatera-related deaths, although rare, have been reported from the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean regions. The clinical features were generally dominated by convulsions and coma, with various focal neurological signs. Several contributory factors could be identified, including consumption of ciguatoxin (CTX)-rich fish parts (viscera and head) in larger amounts, the most ciguatoxic fish species (e.g., Gymnothorax flavimarginatus) and reef fish collected after storms and individuals' susceptibility. Mass ciguatera fish poisoning with mortalities also occurred when G. flavimarginatus and other ciguatoxic fish species were shared in gatherings and parties. The characteristic features of fatal ciguatera fish poisoning must be recognized early. The public should be repeatedly reminded to avoid eating the most ciguatoxic fish species and the CTX-rich parts of reef fish. To prevent mass poisoning in gatherings and parties, the most ciguatoxic fish species and potentially toxic fish species must be avoided. Particularly after hits by disastrous storms, it is important to monitor the toxicity of reef fish and the incidence rates of ciguatera.

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Experimental evidence of dietary ciguatoxin accumulation in an herbivorous coral reef fish

et al. 2018

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Ciguatoxins (CTXs) are potent algal toxins that cause widespread ciguatera poisoning and are found ubiquitously in coral reef food webs. Here we developed an environmentally-relevant, experimental model of CTX trophic transfer involving dietary exposure of herbivorous fish to the CTX-producing microalgae Gambierdiscus polynesiensis. Juvenile Naso brevirostris were fed a gel-food embedded with microalgae for 16 weeks (89 cells g fish daily, 0.4 μg CTX3C equiv kg fish). CTXs in muscle tissue were detectable after 2 weeks at levels above the threshold for human intoxication (1.2 ± 0.2 μg CTX3C equiv kg). Although tissue CTX concentrations stabilized after 8 weeks (∼3 ± 0.5 μg CTX3C equiv kg), muscle toxin burden (total μg CTX in muscle tissue) continued to increase linearly through the end of the experiment (16 weeks). Toxin accumulation was therefore continuous, yet masked by somatic growth dilution. The observed CTX concentrations, accumulation rates, and general absence of behavioural signs of intoxication are consistent with field observations and indicate that this method of dietary exposure may be used to develop predictive models of tissue-specific CTX uptake, metabolism and depuration. Results also imply that slow-growing fish may accumulate higher CTX flesh concentrations than fast-growing fish, which has important implications for global seafood safety.

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Ciguatoxic Potential of Brown-Marbled Grouper in Relation to Fish Size and Geographical Origin

Cited by 12 publications

References 22 publications

An Updated Review of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Clinical, Epidemiological, Environmental, and Public Health Management

An Updated Review of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: Clinical, Epidemiological, Environmental, and Public Health Management

Characteristic Features and Contributory Factors in Fatal Ciguatera Fish Poisoning—Implications for Prevention and Public Education

Experimental evidence of dietary ciguatoxin accumulation in an herbivorous coral reef fish

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