Cingulate-Precuneus Interactions: A New Locus of Dysfunction in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Castellanos, F. Xavier; Margulies, Daniel S.; Kelly, Clare; Uddin, Lucina Q.; Ghaffari, Manely; Kirsch, Andrew J.; Shaw, David M.; Shehzad, Zarrar; Martino, Adriana Di; Biswal, Bharat B.; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund; Rotrosen, John; Adler, Lenard A.; Milham, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.06.025

Cited by 788 publications

(731 citation statements)

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“…Although they were selected carefully according to ADHD symptom scores, both from self-report and the rating of one of their close friends or relatives, they may not show altered resting brain activity to the same degree as individuals with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. Despite this result, the potential connection between waiting difficulty and disruptions of default mode brain system could not be ruled out as both deficits have been repeatedly found in patients with ADHD (Castellanos et al, 2008;Luman et al, 2005). Further, prospective planning, underpinned by DMN activity, appears to play a role in waiting abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For example, patients with ADHD exhibit altered functional connectivity at rest and during task performance. They also display reduced task-induced attenuation of VLF oscillations in regions linked to DMN (Castellanos et al, 2008;Fair et al, 2010;Fassbender et al, 2009;Liddle et al, 2011;Tian et al, 2008). In line with neuroimaging findings, studies with DC-EEG have found reduced resting state VLF EEG power in adolescents with ADHD, along with decreased rest-to-task attenuation of VLF EEG power compared to healthy age-matched volunteers (Helps et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

et al. 2013

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The default mode network (DMN) is characterised by coherent very low frequency (VLF) neural oscillations in the resting brain. The attenuation of this activity has been demonstrated following the transition from rest to performance of a broad range of cognitive goal-directed tasks. Whether the activity of resting state VLF oscillations is attenuated during non-cognitive goal-directed tasks such as waiting for rewarding outcomes is not known. This study examined the VLF EEG power from resting to performance of attention demanding task and two types of goal-directed waiting tasks. The association between the attenuation of VLF EEG power and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms was examined.Direct current EEG (DC-EEG) data was collected from 32 healthy young adults (half high and half low ADHD symptom scorers) during (i) a rest state, (ii) while performing a cognitive demanding reaction time task (2CRT), and (iii) while undertaking each of two different goal-directed waiting conditions: "forced-to-wait (FW)" and "choose-to-wait (CW)" tasks. The spatial distribution of VLF EEG power across scalp was similar to that seen in previous resting VLF EEG studies. Significant rest-to-task attenuation of VLF EEG power occurred during the 2CRT and the CW task, but not during the FW task. The association between self-ratings of ADHD symptoms and waiting-induced attenuation was not significant. This study suggests VLF EEG power attenuation that occurs following rest to task transition is not simply determined by changes in cognitive load. The goal-directed nature of a task, its motivated nature and/or the involvement of effortful attention may also contribute.Future studies should explore the attenuation of resting state VLF oscillations during waiting and impulsive choice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

et al. 2013

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“…In the current paper we provide the first test of this hypothesis by exploring the intrinsic organization of DMN, DAN, VAN and SN and their interactions in adults with ADHD by evaluating patterns of BOLD signal correlations measured during rest [32,35,36]. Prior resting state studies have found reduced connectivity in ADHD between DMN regions [37][38][39]; for opposite findings see Tian et al, [40], McCarthy 5 et al, [41], as well as altered organisation of DAN and VAN [21,41,42]. However, no study has directly explored connectivity within and between the DMN, DAN, VAN and SN in ADHD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Altered intrinsic organisation of brain networks implicated in attentional processes in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state study of attention, default mode and salience network connectivity

Sidlauskaite

Sonuga‐Barke

Roeyers

et al. 2015

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Deficits in task-related attentional engagement in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been hypothesized to be due to altered interrelationships between attention, default mode and salience networks. We examined the intrinsic connectivity during rest within and between these networks. Six minutes resting state scans were obtained. Using a network-based approach, connectivity within and between the dorsal and ventral attention, the default mode and the salience networks was compared between the ADHD and control group.The ADHD group displayed hyperconnectivity between the two attention networks and within the default mode and ventral attention network. The salience network was hypoconnected to the dorsal attention network. There were trends towards hyperconnectivity within the dorsal attention network and between the salience and ventral attention network in ADHD.Connectivity within and between other networks was unrelated to ADHD. Our findings highlight the altered connectivity within and between attention networks, and between them and the salience network in ADHD. One hypothesis to be tested in future studies is that individuals with ADHD are affected by an imbalance between ventral and dorsal attention systems with the former playing a dominant role during task engagement making individuals with ADHD highly susceptible to distraction by salient task-irrelevant stimuli.

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“…ADHD adults [44,45] and in children with ADHD [46] . Besides, abnormalities in the inter-regional synchronization between the cognitive-attentional network and default network have been reported in ADHD patients [14,44] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, abnormalities in the inter-regional synchronization between the cognitive-attentional network and default network have been reported in ADHD patients [14,44] . Thus we hypothesized that the mainly decreased local activity found in the current study in regions of the cognitive-attentional network and the default network of ADHD children may be associated with altered functional synchronization between them, which may underlie the attention lapses in ADHD [47] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Local synchronization and amplitude of the fluctuation of spontaneous brain activity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study

et al. 2013

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Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and the amplitude of low-frequency fl uctuation (ALFF) are two approaches to depicting different regional characteristics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) data. Whether they can complementarily reveal brain regional functional abnormalities in attention-defi cit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unknown. In this study, we applied ReHo and ALFF to 23 medication-naïve boys diagnosed with ADHD and 25 age-matched healthy male controls using whole-brain voxel-wise analysis. Correlation analyses were conducted in the ADHD group to investigate the relationship between the regional spontaneous brain activity measured by the two approaches and the clinical symptoms of ADHD. We found that the ReHo method showed widely-distributed differences between the two groups in the fronto-cingulo-occipitocerebellar circuitry, while the ALFF method showed a difference only in the right occipital area. When a larger smoothing kernel and a more lenient threshold were used for ALFF, more overlapped regions were found between ALFF and ReHo, and ALFF even found some new regions with group differences. The ADHD symptom scores were correlated with the ReHo values in the right cerebellum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and left lingual gyrus in the ADHD group, while no correlation was detected between ALFF and ADHD symptoms. In conclusion, ReHo may be more sensitive to regional abnormalities, at least in boys with ADHD, than ALFF. And ALFF may be complementary to ReHo in measuring local spontaneous activity. Combination of the two may yield a more comprehensive pathophy-siological framework for ADHD.

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Cingulate-Precuneus Interactions: A New Locus of Dysfunction in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 788 publications

References 40 publications

“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

“Can waiting awaken the resting brain?” A comparison of waiting- and cognitive task-induced attenuation of very low frequency neural oscillations

Altered intrinsic organisation of brain networks implicated in attentional processes in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state study of attention, default mode and salience network connectivity

Local synchronization and amplitude of the fluctuation of spontaneous brain activity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state fMRI study

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