Cinnamomum verum-derived bioactives-functionalized gold nanoparticles for prevention of obesity through gut microbiota reshaping

Abstract

Existing drugs have limited success in managing obesity in human due to their low efficacy and severe side-effects. Surface-modified gold nanoparticles have now received considerable attention of researchers for efficient biomedical applications owing to their superior uptake by cells, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and non-immunogenicity. Here we prepared Cinnamomum verum derived bioactives-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au@P-NPs) and assessed their impact on obesity and related immune-metabolic complications in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice using metabolic experiments along with 16S RNA gene-based gut microbial profiling and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Au@P-NPs treatment prevented weight gain, decreased fat deposition, reduced metabolic inflammation and endotoxaemia in HFD-fed mice. Au@P-NPs-treated group exhibited better glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity than HFD-fed control mice, and got completely protected against hepatic steatosis. These impacts were related to increased energy expenditure and enhanced Ucp1 expression in the brown adipose tissues of Au@P-NPs-administered animals, which strongly linked with the mRNA expression of the membrane bile acid receptor TGR5. Treatment of HFD-fed animals with Au@P-NPs altered plasma bile acid profile, and increased Akkermansia muciniphila and decreased Lactobacillus populations in the faeces. Au@P-NPs-treated animals revealed altered plasma bile acid profile, and increased Akkermansia muciniphila and decreased Lactobacillus populations in the faeces. FMT experiments showed lesser weight gain and greater energy expenditure in the mice fed with faecal suspension from Au@P-NPs-treated animals than that from HFD-fed mice. These results clearly establish that gold nanoparticles functionalized with bioactive compounds of C. verum have high potential to be an anti-obesity drug.

Nel-like Molecule Type 1 Combined with Gold Nanoparticles Modulates Macrophage Polarization, Osteoclastogenesis, and Oral Microbiota in Periodontitis

“…65 Another study revealed that bioactive-functionalized AuNPs could alter systemic metabolites through gut microbiota for prevention of obesity. 66 These studies indicate that modifying the surface of AuNPs could be a strategy to eliminate potential negative effects. Significantly, the biological safety of biomaterials in vivo is always a crucial issue.…”

“…coli in the gut more effectively than levofloxacin, without harming intestinal microflora . Another study revealed that bioactive-functionalized AuNPs could alter systemic metabolites through gut microbiota for prevention of obesity . These studies indicate that modifying the surface of AuNPs could be a strategy to eliminate potential negative effects.…”

Emergence of integrated biosensing-enabled digital healthcare devices

“…Table 4 presents some recent advancements in detection and diagnosis for biosensing applications. 96–128 Sensors based on diverse functionalities and constituents, such as capacitive pressure sensing, healing wearable sensors, pressure, wireless, FRET-based genetically encoded sensors for silver ions, oxygen sensors on an optofluidic platform, location tracking, metamaterials based on soft tactile, electrospinning-based PVDF-TrFE nanofiber sensors, glycine–chitosan-based biodegradable piezoelectric sensors, and DNA-regulated CRISPR-Cas12a sensors, represent important advances in the biosensor field. 96–106 Detection is based on diverse approaches, including paper-based devices, 3D-printing electrochemical, MoS 2 quantum dots, 2D nanomaterial-enhanced plasmonic functionality, smartphone-integrated colorimetric, PVDF-TrFE nanofiber, electronic, machine learning, fluorescent DNA, non-enzymatic glucose, and silicon nanowire biosensing platforms for the (bio)detection of various analytes ranging from metal, pollutants, cells, genetic materials, and even post-translational modification.…”

Pectic oligosaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in association with modulating gut microbiota in mice

“…4 Moreover, the prospect of their further use is facing great challenges owing to their severe adverse effects, such as diarrhea, headache, fecal incontinence, and dyspepsia. 5 The gut microbiota, known as a "second genome", is crucial for disease prevention and enhances human health. 6 Obesity development has been acknowledged as a significant contributor to gut microbiota.…”

“…4 Moreover, the prospect of their further use is facing great challenges owing to their severe adverse effects, such as diarrhea, headache, fecal incontinence, and dyspepsia. 5…”