Cinnamon attenuates adiposity and affects the expression of metabolic genes in Diet-Induced obesity model of zebrafish

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide with about 30% of the world population classified as obese. Obese body structure results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure in an individual. Increase in the consumption of high-energy eatables, in the context of portion and energy provided, has resulted in obese populations which is becoming the leading cause of metabolic disorders related to morbidity. The obesity-related comorbidity is an enormous liability on health services and will affect measures taken in tackling the increasing obesity rate. Prevention of an obese phenotype is the most suitable long-term strategy. Another approach towards the treatment of obesity is weight management through phytotherapeutics. In this study, we explored the anti-obesity effects of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in adult male zebrafish. Through BMI measurements, blood glucose level analyses, serum triglyceride analyses, Oil Red O staining as well as quantitative Real Time-PCR, the ability of cinnamon to reduce metabolic disorders associated with obesity is investigated for the first time in a zebrafish model. Our studies indicate that cinnamon ameliorates the genotypic and phonotypic characteristics associated with obesity through lowering of BMI, blood glucose, triglyceride levels, lipid levels in the liver and through gene modulation.

Impaired brain homeostasis and neurogenesis in diet-induced overweight zebrafish: a preventive role from A. borbonica extract

“…Overfed zebrafish appear as an appropriate model to test the effects of some compounds on weight gain and its complications 15 , 39 , 40 . A. borbonica was selected as an interesting candidate given its potential or demonstrated anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic according to its traditional use and to in vitro studies 29 , 32 , 33 .…”

Review: Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Sebagai Model Obesitas dan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

“…Metode lain yaitu menggunakan zebrafish jantan atau betina dengan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan [40,41], dan setiap kelompok perlakuan diberi makan 4 mg artemia/zebrafish [40], sedangkan menurut Kaur et al, kelompok perlakuan 1 dan 2 sama seperti menurut Zang et al, [38] namun yang membedakan pada kelompok perlakuan 3, yaitu zebrafish diinduksi dengan diberi makan berlebih artemia sebanyak 60 mg dengan dibagi 20 mg tiga kali dan ditambah 2 mg bubuk kayu manis tiga kali sehari dengan pemberian bubuk kayu manis tersebut dilakukan 20 menit sebelum pemberian makan artemia [41]. Bubuk kayu manis (Cinnamomum verum) merupakan famili Lauraceae yang memiliki efek dalam menurunkan glukosa plasma, dan obesitas [43].…”

“…Berat badan dan indeks massa tubuh pada kelompok yang diberi makan berlebihan menggunakan artemia selama 4 minggu menyebabkan peningkatan berat badan secara signifikan serta obesitas dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang diberi makan normal [40,41]. Pada kelompok makan berlebih yang diberi tambahan kayu manis dengan dosis 6 mg, terjadi penurunan berat badan zebrafish yang signifikan.…”

“…Selain itu, hasil IMT yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kayu manis dengan dosis 6 mg + makan berlebih sebanding dengan kelompok makan normal dibanding dengan kelompok makan berlebih. Sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa kayu manis dapat menurunkan IMT pada zebrafish yang diberi makan berlebihan dan membantu mengurangi efek yang diinduksi makan berlebih dan panjang badannya [41].…”

A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance

“…These changes are too small to be clinically relevant. Animal studies have demonstrated that extracts of cinnamon elicit thermogenesis responses [139], reduced visceral adiposity, attenuated hyperphagia and normalized energy efficiency [140] and attenuated obesity through the modulation of genes implicated in the lipid metabolism pathways [141]. Currently, chronic studies conducted with the cinnamon amount usually consumed in an everyday diet are lacking.…”