Cinnamon Oil Inhibits Penicillium expansum Growth by Disturbing the Carbohydrate Metabolic Process

Abstract

Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest pathogen that mainly threatens the global pome fruit industry and causes great economic losses annually. In the present study, the antifungal effects and potential mechanism of cinnamon oil against P. expansum were investigated. Results indicated that 0.25 mg L−1 cinnamon oil could efficiently inhibit the spore germination, conidial production, mycelial accumulation, and expansion of P. expansum. In addition, it could effectively control blue mold rots induced by P. expansum in apples. Cinnamon oil could also reduce the expression of genes involved in patulin biosynthesis. Through a proteomic quantitative analysis, a total of 146 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) involved in the carbohydrate metabolic process, most of which were down-regulated, were noticed for their large number and functional significance. Meanwhile, the expressions of 14 candidate genes corresponding to DEPs and the activities of six key regulatory enzymes (involving in cellulose hydrolyzation, Krebs circle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway) showed a similar trend in protein levels. In addition, extracellular carbohydrate consumption, intracellular carbohydrate accumulation, and ATP production of P. expansum under cinnamon oil stress were significantly decreased. Basing on the correlated and mutually authenticated results, we speculated that disturbing the fungal carbohydrate metabolic process would be partly responsible for the inhibitory effects of cinnamon oil on P. expansum growth. The findings would provide new insights into the antimicrobial mode of cinnamon oil.

Isolation, identification, biological characteristics, and antifungal efficacy of sodium bicarbonate combined with natamycin on Aspergillus niger from Shengzhou nane (Prunus salicina var. taoxingli) fruit

“…Similarly, Tan et al (2022) found sodium dehydroacetate interference with cell membrane metabolism and energy metabolism in the antifungal mechanism against P. digitatum . Cinnamon essential oil resulted in a significant decrease ( p < 0.05) in the ATP content of P. expansum , suggesting that the antifungal mechanism of cinnamon essential oil against P. expansum might be related to the carbohydrate metabolism of fungi ( Lai et al, 2021 ). Taken together, these findings elucidate that the damage to cell and mitochondria membrane integrity and the disruption of energy metabolism might be closely involved in the antifungal mechanism of SBC and NT against A. niger .…”

The Antifungal Mechanism of Isoxanthohumol from Humulus lupulus Linn.

“…Carbohydrates are the main carbon sources in the TCA cycle, and inhibition of them would cause damage to the metabolic pathways. Carbohydrate metabolism is one of the main metabolic pathways and forms of energy supply in fungi, including biochemical pathways for biosynthesis, degradation, interconversion, and energy metabolism [ 20 , 21 ]. Effect of isoxanthohumol on the mycelial metabolism was evaluated ( Figure 9 ).…”

Determination of patulin in products containing dried fruits by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay technique Patulin in dried fruits

“…Propolis is collected by honey bees, making it a rich source of aromatic acids, aromatic esters, volatile compounds, aromatic compounds, hydrocarbons, steroids, flavonoids, acids, micro‐ and macronutrients, vitamins, and essential oils (Hemmami et al., 2020 ; Pobiega et al., 2019 ). The abundance of bioactive compounds present in propolis or cinnamon oil which could reduce the expression of genes involved in PAT biosynthesis (Lai et al., 2021 ) suggests that the composition of herbal blends may also play a role in controlling optimal PAT growth conditions. The exogenous amino acid L‐glutamate has strong properties that inhibit the development of blue rot caused by Penicillium expansum in the postharvest pear fruit (Jin et al., 2019 ).…”