By the time of this death in Paris in 1995, Emile M. Cioran was widely acknowledged as one of the great French literary figures of the 20 th century. Born in Romania in 1911, Cioran was the son of a Romanian Orthodox priest and unbelieving mother. His formative childhood years were spent in Sibiu, a small historic market town in Transylvania home to historic German, Hungarian and Romanian speaking peoples. After university studies and a time in which he flirted seriously with the mystical nationalism of the Romanian fascists, Cioran moved to Paris in 1937 to take up a scholarship at the Sorbonne. Paris became his permanent home, and French become the language of his life's work as a literary essayist and aphorist. The spirit and substance of his writing finds apt expression in the titles of his published books: On the Heights of Despair, The Temptation to Exist, A Short History of Decay, The Trouble with Being Born, All Gall is Divided, Drawn and Quartered, Anathemas and Admirations and The New Gods (Le Mauvais Demiurge), among others. 2 His reputation as a contrarian and provocateur is announced by the title of the now standard account of his life and works by Patrice Bollon entitled Cioran: Heretic. 3 Cioran has an abiding, agnostic interest in religious themes and texts. His thought moves broadly in the sceptical-even cynical-intellectual stream of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. Educated in philosophy in Bucharest during the time when historian of religion Mircea Eliade was the leading light of Romanian intellectual life, Cioran's essays and collections of aphorisms regularly engage historic Buddhist, Jewish and Christian ideas and texts-including those of various Christian mystics-as he wrestles with the existential and cultural questions that preoccupy him. Cioran could even admit that, in a sense, there was something oddly theological about his corpus. He 1 EMC as cited by Regier in '