Ciprofloxacin at low levels disrupts colonization resistance of human fecal microflora growing in chemostats

Antibiotics in the human food chain: Establishing no effect levels of tetracycline, neomycin, and erythromycin using a chemostat model of the human colonic microflora

“…Newer compounds may not yet have elicited widespread resistance and thus may have a greater potential impact on the model than would older compounds. This was true for ciproXoxacin (Carman and Woodburn, 2001;Carman et al, 2004).…”

“…Previously (Carman et al, 2004;Carman and Woodburn, 2001) as part of the studies to develop the chemostat system as a model for determining NOELs for antibiotics in human gut Xora, we studied the eVects of low levels of ciproXoxacin on large bowel Xora using a chemostat model of the human colon. Employing the same chemostat model, we have now addressed the question: "What are the no observed eVect levels (NOELs) of tetracycline, neomycin and erythromycin on the human colonic Xora?"…”

Competition for proline between indigenous Escherichia coli and E. coli O157:H7 in gnotobiotic mice associated with infant intestinal microbiota and its contribution to the colonization resistance against E. coli O157:H7

“…The susceptibility to infection is higher in infants, children, and the elderly than in healthy adults (http://idsc.nih.go.jp/iasr/28/327/graph/ f3273.gif). There have been many reports showing that gastrointestinal microbiota have antagonistic activity against bacterial infections (Carman et al 2004;Donskey et al 2001;Que et al 1986;Silva et al 2001). This means that intestinal microbiota play an essential role in protecting hosts from enteric infection.…”

Effect of organic acids on inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization in gnotobiotic mice associated with infant intestinal microbiota

“…There have been many reports showing that the gastrointestinal microbiota have antagonistic activity against enteric infections (Carman et al 2004;Donskey et al 2001;Que et al 1986;Silva et al 2001). It has been known for several decades that breast-fed infants are less likely to suffer from infectious diarrhea than bottle-fed infants (Claud and Walker 2001;Dai and Walker 1999;Howie et al 1990).…”