Ciprofloxacin-Resistant<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>, Delhi, India

Singhal, Smita; Purnapatre, Kedar; Kalia, Vandana; Dube, S.; Nair, Deepti; Deb, Monorama; Aggarwal, Praveen; Gupta, Sunil; Upadhyay, Dilip J.; Rattan, Ashok; Raj, V. Samuel

doi:10.3201/eid/1310.060820

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…14 Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, rifampicin, and azithromycin are all effective for chemoprophylaxis, 5,15,16 but ciprofloxacin is the agent of choice because it can be used as a single dose and lacks toxicity. 17 3. Hajj and Umrah meningococcal disease preventative measures: past and current policies and compliance…”

Section: Prevention Of Meningococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: past and current measures and future prospects

Yezli

Saeed

Assiri

et al. 2016

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has a long history of instituting preventative measures against meningococcal disease (MD). KSA is at risk of outbreaks of MD due to its geographic location, demography, and especially because it hosts the annual Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings. Preventative measures for Hajj and Umrah include vaccination, targeted chemoprophylaxis, health awareness and educational campaigns, as well as an active disease surveillance and response system. Preventative measures have been introduced and updated in accordance with changes in the epidemiology of MD and available preventative tools. The mandatory meningococcal vaccination policy for pilgrims has possibly been the major factor in preventing outbreaks during the pilgrimages. The policy of chemoprophylaxis for all pilgrims arriving from the African meningitis belt has also probably been important in reducing the carriage and transmission of Neisseria meningitidis in KSA and beyond. The preventative measures for Hajj and Umrah are likely to continue to focus on vaccination, but to favour the conjugate vaccine for its extra benefits over the polysaccharide vaccines. Additionally, the surveillance system will continue to be strengthened to ensure early detection and response to cases and outbreaks; ongoing disease awareness campaigns for pilgrims will continue, as will chemoprophylaxis for target groups. Local and worldwide surveillance of the disease and drug-resistant N. meningitidis are crucial in informing future recommendations for vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and treatment. Preventative measures should be reviewed regularly and updated accordingly, and compliance with these measures should be monitored and enhanced to prevent MD during Hajj and Umrah, as well as local and international outbreaks.

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Section: Prevention Of Meningococcal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: past and current measures and future prospects

Yezli

Saeed

Assiri

et al. 2016

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Neisseria meningitidis the causative agent of sporadic and epidemic meningitis too has shown resistance to penicillin occasionally (Manchanda et al 2006;Singhal et al 2007).…”

Section: Enteric Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria with special reference to India

Raghunath¹

2008

J Biosci

113

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The antibiotic era started in the 1940s and changed the profile of infectious diseases and human demography. The burgeoning classes and numbers promised much and elimination of this major cause of human (and animal) morbidity appeared possible. Bacterial antibiotic resistance which was observed soon after antibiotic introduction has been studied extensively. Diverse mechanisms have been demonstrated and the genetic basis elucidated. The resilience of the prokaryote ecosystems to antibiotic stress has been realized. The paper presents these subjects briefly to afford an overview. The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance is dealt with and community practices in different countries are described. The role of high antibiotic usage environments is indicated. The implication of the wide use of antibiotics in animals has been pointed out. Steadily increasing antibiotic resistance and decreasing numbers of newer antibiotics appear to point to a post-antibiotic period during which treatment of infections would become increasingly difficult. This article attempts to review the global antimicrobial resistance scene and juxtaposes it to the Indian experience. The prevalence in India of antibiotic resistance among major groups of pathogens is described. The factors that determine the prevalent high antibiotic resistance rates have been highlighted. The future research activity to ensure continued utility of antibiotics in the control of infections has been indicated.

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“…However, all were resistant to cotrimoxazole and two-thirds were non-susceptible to ciprofl oxacin. Singhal et al (2007) have reported ciprofl oxacin-resistant meningococci in an outbreak in Delhi.…”

Section: Drug-resistant Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases in India

2008

J Biosci

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There has been a remarkable progress in the prevention, control and even eradication of infectious diseases with improved hygiene and development of antimicrobials and vaccines.However, infectious diseases still remain a leading cause of global disease burden with high morbidity and mortality especially in the developing world. Furthermore, there have been threats of new diseases during the past three decades due to the evolution and adaptation of microbes and the re-emergence of old diseases due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the capacity to spread to new geographic areas. The impact of the emerging and re-emerging diseases in India has been tremendous at socioeconomic and public health levels. Their control requires continuing surveillance, research and training, better diagnostic facilities and improved public health system. Emerging and reemerging zoonotic diseases, foodborne and waterborne diseases and diseases caused by multiresistant organisms constitute the major threats in India. This review of bacterial emerging and re-emerging diseases should be of critical importance to microbiologists, clinicians, public health personnel and policy makers in India. [Chugh T D 2008 Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases in India; J. Biosci. 33 [549][550][551][552][553][554][555]

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Ciprofloxacin-ResistantNeisseria meningitidis, Delhi, India

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Prevention of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: past and current measures and future prospects

Prevention of meningococcal disease during the Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings: past and current measures and future prospects

Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria with special reference to India

Emerging and re-emerging bacterial diseases in India

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