Ciprofloxacin: review on developments in synthetic, analytical, and medicinal aspects

Role of Mitochondria in Ciprofloxacin-Induced Apoptosis in Murine Sperm Cells

“…1,2 It acts mainly by inhibiting a type II topoisomerase, DNA gyrase, which is necessary for the unwinding of replicated prokaryotic DNA. 2 It has been shown, however, that this mechanism can also affect mammalian cell replication through the inhibition of eukaryotic topoisomerases.…”

Heterocyclic urea derivatives and methods of use thereof (WO2010142978)

“…This enzyme uses the free energy from ATP hydrolysis to alter the topology of DNA by introducing transient double-stranded breaks and resealing thereafter [22]. DNA gyrase is an essential and conserved enzyme in bacteria and it is unique among the topoisomerases in introducing negative supercoils in DNA [22][23][24]. DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli comprises two different subunits encoded by the gyrA and gyrB genes and is a heterotetramer of the A2B2 configuration [22].…”

“…DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli comprises two different subunits encoded by the gyrA and gyrB genes and is a heterotetramer of the A2B2 configuration [22]. The A subunit is involved in DNA breakage and resealing process and contains a conserved tyrosine that makes a transient covalent bond to DNA during strand modification [22][23][24]. The B subunit processes the ATP and interacts with the A subunit to translate the free energy of hydrolysis into conformational changes [22].…”

Medicinal significance of benzothiazole scaffold: an insight view

“…Infectious diseases caused by bacteria affect millions of people and are leading causes of death worldwide 57 . During the past three decades, antimicrobial agents have been introduced at a rate exceeding our ability to integrate them into clinical practice 58 . Despite several advancements in the development of antimycotic agents, antifungal chemotherapy remains problematic in many cases and search for new antifungal agents continues to be an inevitable task 59 .…”