Circadian metabolic patterns in cultured hamster adrenal glands

Andrews, Richard; Folk, G. Edgar

doi:10.1016/0010-406x(64)90006-4

Cited by 104 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More importantly, previous findings do not fully account for the autonomous rhythmicity in steroid biosynthesis and secretion that was demonstrated in early studies with isolated adrenal glands (14)(15)(16). This strongly suggests that there remains an as-yet unresolved adrenal-intrinsic mechanism controlling the GC rhythm and involving ACTH-independent steroid production.…”

Section: G Lucocorticoid [Gc; Corticosterone (Cs) In Rodents Andmentioning

confidence: 83%

Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production

Son

Chung

Choe

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

271

257

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Glucocorticoid (GC) is an adrenal steroid with diverse physiological effects. It undergoes a robust daily oscillation, which has been thought to be driven by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus via the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis. However, we show that the adrenal gland has its own clock and that the peripheral clockwork is tightly linked to steroidogenesis by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein.Examination of mice with adrenal-specific knockdown of the canonical clock protein BMAL1 reveals that the adrenal clock machinery is required for circadian GC production. Furthermore, behavioral rhythmicity is drastically affected in these animals, together with altered expression of Period1, but not Period2, in several peripheral organs. We conclude that the adrenal peripheral clock plays an essential role in harmonizing the mammalian circadian timing system by generating a robust circadian GC rhythm.adrenal gland ͉ steroidogenic acute regulatory protein ͉ BMAL1

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Section: G Lucocorticoid [Gc; Corticosterone (Cs) In Rodents Andmentioning

confidence: 83%

Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production

Son

Chung

Choe

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

271

257

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The adrenal has long been known to be capable of self-sustained oscillations in steroid biogenesis when supplied with constant levels of ACTH [71], [72]. The rhythm in CORT production results from diurnal variation in adrenal responsiveness to ACTH [21], [73], [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered Entrainment to the Day/Night Cycle Attenuates the Daily Rise in Circulating Corticosterone in the Mouse

et al. 2014

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator entrained to the day/night cycle via input from the retina. Serotonin (5-HT) afferents to the SCN modulate retinal signals via activation of 5-HT1B receptors, decreasing responsiveness to light. Consequently, 5-HT1B receptor knockout (KO) mice entrain to the day/night cycle with delayed activity onsets. Since circulating corticosterone levels exhibit a robust daily rhythm peaking around activity onset, we asked whether delayed entrainment of activity onsets affects rhythmic corticosterone secretion. Wheel-running activity and plasma corticosterone were monitored in mice housed under several different lighting regimens. Both duration of the light∶dark cycle (T cycle) and the duration of light within that cycle was altered. 5-HT1B KO mice that entrained to a 9.5L:13.5D (short day in a T = 23 h) cycle with activity onsets delayed more than 4 h after light offset exhibited a corticosterone rhythm in phase with activity rhythms but reduced 50% in amplitude compared to animals that initiated daily activity <4 h after light offset. Wild type mice in 8L:14D (short day in a T = 22 h) conditions with highly delayed activity onsets also exhibited a 50% reduction in peak plasma corticosterone levels. Exogenous adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation in animals exhibiting highly delayed entrainment suggested that the endogenous rhythm of adrenal responsiveness to ACTH remained aligned with SCN-driven behavioral activity. Circadian clock gene expression in the adrenal cortex of these same animals suggested that the adrenal circadian clock was also aligned with SCN-driven behavior. Under T cycles <24 h, altered circadian entrainment to short day (winter-like) conditions, manifest as long delays in activity onset after light offset, severely reduces the amplitude of the diurnal rhythm of plasma corticosterone. Such a pronounced reduction in the glucocorticoid rhythm may alter rhythmic gene expression in the central nervous system and in peripheral organs contributing to an array of potential pathophysiologies.

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“…It is documented that an adrenal cortical cycle [Halberg, 1953[Halberg, . 1964Halberg ct al., 1965;Halberg and Visscher, 1952] constitutes an intrinsic pacemaker which is not necessarily dependent upon the ACTH cycle [Andrews, 1968a[Andrews, , b, 1971Andrews and Folk, 1964;Andrews and Shiotsuka. 1974;Shiotsuka et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythms of Plasma Renin, Aldosterone and Cortisol on Habitual and Low Dietary Sodium Intake

et al. 1981

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To examine the effects of reducing sodium intake upon the renin-angioten-sin-aldosterone system (RAAS), 5 healthy men and 5 healthy women, 17-37 years old, living under standardized conditions, were sampled around the clock, once on habitual and once on restricted sodium intake. Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (PA) and cortisol (PC) were determined by radioimmunoassay. All three variables were found to exhibit a statistically significant circadian rhythm, both on habitual and restricted salt intake. After salt restriction, an increase in midline-estimating statistic of rhythm (mesor) of PRA and PA, but not of PC, was observed. The acrophase (an estimate of the time of high values) for PC lagged behind that for PRA and PA. This difference in acrophase was of specially high statistical significance when subjects were on a sodium-restricted diet. These results demonstrate the importance of inferential statistical so-called rhythmometric methods: parameters such as the acrophase can also be used for the assessment of novel effects and for a quantification in time. The derivation of confidence intervals for each rhythm parameter allows one to verify that a given variable exhibits values bracketing an average not only between a higher and a lower, but also between an earlier and a later limit. Changes that may involve only the acrophase, such as a lead or lag, as here noted, are then detected and are of factual as well as methodological interest.

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Circadian metabolic patterns in cultured hamster adrenal glands

Cited by 104 publications

References 31 publications

Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production

Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production

Altered Entrainment to the Day/Night Cycle Attenuates the Daily Rise in Circulating Corticosterone in the Mouse

Circadian Rhythms of Plasma Renin, Aldosterone and Cortisol on Habitual and Low Dietary Sodium Intake

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