Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work

Chellappa, Sarah Laxhmi; Morris, Christopher J.; Scheer, Frank A.J.L.

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75245-9

Cited by 71 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For adolescents with a late chronotype, difficulty waking in the morning for school and daytime sleepiness are often the driving symptoms to seek care in sleep clinics. However, the physiological and psychological consequences are much broader than sleep-wake disturbance, as a growing body of research on circadian misalignment shows (e.g., coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, mood vulnerability, and depression (Chellappa, Morris, and Scheer 2020). These data highlight that noncircadian delayed sleep patterns are equally important to address than circadian induced late sleepwake schedules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding sleep-wake behavior in late chronotype adolescents: The role of circadian phase, sleep timing, and evening vigilance

Lang¹,

Richardson²,

Micic³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background. Growing evidence supports a link between late chronotype and increased risk for affective disorders. Yet, the tendency toward a late chronotype and the onset of mood disorders often emerge during adolescence. Few studies have examined the relationship among school-aged adolescence. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the specific role of sleep and circadian related measures in late chronotype adolescents and their impact on mood. Furthermore, we explored to what extend severeness is explained by bedtime behavior, evening vigilance, and circadian phase.Methods. Nineteen male adolescents (M = 16.4 yrs ± 1.0 yrs), who were part of a larger study, were included in the analyses. Chronotype was assessed with the Munich Chronotype questionnaire, circadian timing via salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), and habitual sleep behavior with a 7-day sleep diary. Further questionnaires evaluated daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and mood. Evening vigilance (Go/NoGo) and sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) were used as a proxy for sleep propensity. Results. The average sleep duration on school nights was 7.78 hours (±1.65), and 9.00 hours (±1.42) on weekend nights. Mean DLMO was observed at 23.13 h (± 1.65), with a weekend phase angle of entrainment for DLMObedtime of 2.48 hours. Regression fittings revealed a general tendency of shorter phase angles with delayed DLMOs. In contrast, further analysis with chronotype subgroups revealed that this was only true for light and moderate late types, whereas extreme late types presented with wide phase angles. While no differences in daytime sleepiness and sleep duration were found between subgroups, sleep quality and mood decreased with increasing lateness. Extreme late chronotypes experienced higher evening sleepiness, whereas slight late types presented with higher evening vigilance. Chronotype but not DLMO predicted bedtime on school- and particularly weekend-nights. Conclusions. Our findings highlight that with increasing lateness, the risk for impaired sleep quality and mood disorders increases. Given that DLMO was not predictive of bedtime, our data indicate that factors contributing to a late chronotype are versatile and complex, particularly for extreme late types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding sleep-wake behavior in late chronotype adolescents: The role of circadian phase, sleep timing, and evening vigilance

Lang¹,

Richardson²,

Micic³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Other aspects of this protocol, designed to test independent hypotheses, have been published 24–33 . Method details see Supporting Information Methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unanticipated daytime melatonin secretion on a simulated night shift schedule generates a distinctive 24‐h melatonin rhythm with antiphasic daytime and nighttime peaks

Qian

Morris

Phillips

et al. 2022

Journal of Pineal Research

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The daily rhythm of plasma melatonin concentrations is typically unimodal, with one broad peak during the circadian night and near‐undetectable levels during the circadian day. Light at night acutely suppresses melatonin secretion and phase shifts its endogenous circadian rhythm. In contrast, exposure to darkness during the circadian day has not generally been reported to increase circulating melatonin concentrations acutely. Here, in a highly‐controlled simulated night shift protocol with 12‐h inverted behavioral/environmental cycles, we unexpectedly found that circulating melatonin levels were significantly increased during daytime sleep (p < .0001). This resulted in a secondary melatonin peak during the circadian day in addition to the primary peak during the circadian night, when sleep occurred during the circadian day following an overnight shift. This distinctive diurnal melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks could not be readily anticipated from the behavioral/environmental factors in the protocol (e.g., light exposure, posture, diet, activity) or from current mathematical model simulations of circadian pacemaker output. The observation, therefore, challenges our current understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms that regulate melatonin secretion. Interestingly, the increase in melatonin concentration observed during daytime sleep was positively correlated with the change in timing of melatonin nighttime peak (p = .002), but not with the degree of light‐induced melatonin suppression during nighttime wakefulness (p = .92). Both the increase in daytime melatonin concentrations and the change in the timing of the nighttime peak became larger after repeated exposure to simulated night shifts (p = .002 and p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, we found that melatonin secretion during daytime sleep was positively associated with an increase in 24‐h glucose and insulin levels during the night shift protocol (p = .014 and p = .027, respectively). Future studies are needed to elucidate the key factor(s) driving the unexpected daytime melatonin secretion and the melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks during shifted sleep/wake schedules, the underlying mechanisms of their relationship with glucose metabolism, and the relevance for diabetes risk among shift workers.

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“…As a result of sleep disruption, poor mental health and anxiety may become exacerbated by shift work among health care workers [67,68]. Night shift work has been associated with depression due to circadian misalignment [69]. All instances of poor mood or mental health have been partially attributed to either sleep quality, sleep quantity, sedentarism, and poor diet choices during night shift work [2,66,68,69].…”

Section: Shift Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Factors Considerations in Satellite Operations Human-Computer Interaction Technologies: A Review of Current Applications and Theory

Heinrich¹,

McAndrew²,

Pretty³

2021

IJMIT

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Satellite operations are a subset of remote operations that draw similarities with remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) and uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) operations. Increased research into boredom, complacency, habituation, and vigilance as they relate to satellite operations is required due to a lack of prevalence in the literature. Circadian rhythms, crew resource management, and shift work dynamics may exacerbate complacency-driven automation bias and social loafing errors in satellite operations. This overview of theory and applications aims to specifically focus on satellite operations literature within human factors research to identify areas requiring an expansion of knowledge. The human-in-the-loop commonality enables human factors lessons to be passed to satellite operations from unrelated sectors to mitigate catastrophic human error potentially. As such, this literature review details the need for increased research in satellite operations human factors.

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Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work

Cited by 71 publications

References 55 publications

Understanding sleep-wake behavior in late chronotype adolescents: The role of circadian phase, sleep timing, and evening vigilance

Understanding sleep-wake behavior in late chronotype adolescents: The role of circadian phase, sleep timing, and evening vigilance

Unanticipated daytime melatonin secretion on a simulated night shift schedule generates a distinctive 24‐h melatonin rhythm with antiphasic daytime and nighttime peaks

Human Factors Considerations in Satellite Operations Human-Computer Interaction Technologies: A Review of Current Applications and Theory

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