Circadian modulation of performance on an aversion-based place learning task in hamsters

Cain, Sean W.; Chou, Tina; Ralph, Martin R.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2003.07.001

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In this sense, misalignment of the transcriptional feedback loops driving the circadian molecular clock may be involved in the transient perturbation of short time estimation. Moreover, specific processes which require neural plasticity, such as a variety of learning and memory procedures, are also affected by circadian manipulations that include changes in the LD cycle (Cain et al, 2004), suggesting that circadian desynchronization transiently impair several cognitive mechanisms, although the exact mechanism through which this occurs is currently not understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian modulation of interval timing in mice

et al. 2011

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Temporal perception is fundamental to environmental adaptation in humans and other animals. To deal with timing and time perception, organisms have developed multiple systems that are active over a broad range of order of magnitude, the most important being circadian timing, interval timing and millisecond timing. The circadian pacemaker is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus, and is driven by a selfsustaining oscillator with a period close to 24 h. Time estimation in the second-to-minutes range -known as interval timing -involves the interaction of the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex. In this work we tested the hypothesis that interval timing in mice is sensitive to circadian modulations. Animals were trained following the peak-interval (PI) procedure. Results show significant differences in the estimation of 24-second intervals at different times of day, with a higher accuracy in the group trained at night, which were maintained under constant dark (DD) conditions. Interval timing was also studied in animals under constant light (LL) conditions, which abolish circadian rhythmicity. Mice under LL conditions were unable to acquire temporal control in the peak interval procedure.Moreover, short time estimation in animals subjected to circadian desynchronizations (modeling jet lag-like situations) was also affected. Taken together, our results indicate that short-time estimation is modulated by the circadian clock.© 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords:Circadian rhythms Interval timingBasal ganglia Suprachiasmatic nuclei IntroductionTiming and time perception are fundamental to survival and goal reaching in humans and other animals. Organisms have developed diverse mechanisms for timing across different scales, the most important being circadian timing, interval timing and millisecond timing . The circadian pacemaker -which is driven by a self-sustaining oscillator with a period close to 24 h -is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus (Dunlap et al., 2004), and the principal signal that adjusts its activity is the light-dark cycle (Morin and Allen, 2006;Golombek and Rosenstein, 2010). The molecular mechanism of the endogenous circadian clock is comprised by interlocked transcription-translation feedback loops (Reppert and Weaver, 2002). On the other hand, the perception of shorter durations in the seconds-to-minutes range, known as interval timing, is crucial to learning, memory, decision making and other cognitive

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian modulation of interval timing in mice

et al. 2011

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“…Studies of rodents have found that memory recall at the same time of day in which it was acquired favors the recall process. This phenomenon has been shown more than once, both in positive and negative modified reinforcement protocols (3,19,20) and was denominated "temporal stamp" by Ralph et al (3). This may occur because of a mechanism similar to that of statedependent learning (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the time-of-day of training on explicit memory

Barbosa

Albuquerque

2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Studies have shown a time-of-day of training effect on long-term explicit memory with a greater effect being shown in the afternoon than in the morning. However, these studies did not control the chronotype variable. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess if the time-of-day effect on explicit memory would continue if this variable were controlled, in addition to identifying the occurrence of a possible synchronic effect. A total of 68 undergraduates were classified as morning, intermediate, or afternoon types. The subjects listened to a list of 10 words during the training phase and immediately performed a recognition task, a procedure which they repeated twice. One week later, they underwent an unannounced recognition test. The target list and the distractor words were the same in all series. The subjects were allocated to two groups according to acquisition time: a morning group (N = 32), and an afternoon group (N = 36). One week later, some of the subjects in each of these groups were subjected to a test in the morning (N = 35) or in the afternoon (N = 33). The groups had similar chronotypes. Long-term explicit memory performance was not affected by test time-of-day or by chronotype. However, there was a training time-of-day effect [F (1,56) = 53.667; P = 0.009] with better performance for those who trained in the afternoon. Our data indicated that the advantage of training in the afternoon for long-term memory performance does not depend on chronotype and also that this performance is not affected by the synchronic effect.

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“…Several studies have already demonstrated that performance on learning tasks is optimal at 24-h intervals from the time of training and is significantly worse at noncircadian intervals (23)(24)(25)(26). We were, by contrast, interested in evaluating whether loss of rhythms would lead to more general cognitive impairments in our neurologically intact arrhythmic animals regardless of time of day.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hippocampal-dependent learning requires a functional circadian system

Ruby

Hwang²,

Wessells³

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

219

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Decades of studies have shown that eliminating circadian rhythms of mammals does not compromise their health or longevity in the laboratory in any obvious way. These observations have raised questions about the functional significance of the mammalian circadian system, but have been difficult to address for lack of an appropriate animal model. Surgical ablation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and clock gene knockouts eliminate rhythms, but also damage adjacent brain regions or cause developmental effects that may impair cognitive or other physiological functions. We developed a method that avoids these problems and eliminates rhythms by noninvasive means in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). The present study evaluated cognitive function in arrhythmic animals by using a hippocampal-dependent learning task. Control hamsters exhibited normal circadian modulation of performance in a delayed novel-object recognition task. By contrast, arrhythmic animals could not discriminate a novel object from a familiar one only 20 or 60 min after training. Memory performance was not related to prior sleep history as sleep manipulations had no effect on performance. The GABA antagonist pentylenetetrazol restored learning without restoring circadian rhythms. We conclude that the circadian system is involved in memory function in a manner that is independent of sleep. Circadian influence on learning may be exerted via cyclic GABA output from the SCN to target sites involved in learning. Arrhythmic hamsters may have failed to perform this task because of chronic inhibitory signaling from the SCN that interfered with the plastic mechanisms that encode learning in the hippocampus.GABA ͉ hippocampus ͉ memory ͉ sleep ͉ suprachiasmatic nucleus

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Circadian modulation of performance on an aversion-based place learning task in hamsters

Cited by 62 publications

References 38 publications

Circadian modulation of interval timing in mice

Circadian modulation of interval timing in mice

Effect of the time-of-day of training on explicit memory

Hippocampal-dependent learning requires a functional circadian system

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