Circadian Oscillation Pattern of Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control (ERQC) Components in Human Embryonic Kidney HEK293 Cells

Abstract

The circadian clock regulates the “push-pull” of the molecular signaling mechanisms that arrange the rhythmic organization of the physiology to maintain cellular homeostasis. In mammals, molecular clock genes tightly arrange cellular rhythmicity. It has been shown that this circadian clock optimizes various biological processes, including the cell cycle and autophagy. Hence, we explored the dynamic crosstalks between the circadian rhythm and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-quality control (ERQC) mechanisms. ER-associated degradation (ERAD) is one of the most important parts of the ERQC system and is an elaborate surveillance system that eliminates misfolded proteins. It regulates the steady-state levels of several physiologically crucial proteins, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and the metastasis suppressor KAI1/CD82. However, the circadian oscillation of ERQC members and their roles in cellular rhythmicity requires further investigation. In the present study, we provided a thorough investigation of the circadian rhythmicity of the fifteen crucial ERQC members, including gp78, Hrd1, p97/VCP, SVIP, Derlin1, Ufd1, Npl4, EDEM1, OS9, XTP3B, Sel1L, Ufd2, YOD1, VCIP135 and FAM8A1 in HEK293 cells. We found that mRNA and protein accumulation of the ubiquitin conjugation, binding and processing factors, retrotranslocation-dislocation, substrate recognition and targeting components of ERQC exhibit oscillation under the control of the circadian clock. Moreover, we found that Hrd1 and gp78 have a possible regulatory function on Bmal1 turnover. The findings of the current study indicated that the expression level of ERQC components is fine-tuned by the circadian clock and major ERAD E3 ligases, Hrd1 and gp78, may influence the regulation of circadian oscillation by modulation of Bmal1 stability.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress and quality control in relation to cisplatin resistance in tumor cells

“…Besides extracting substrates and altering conformations, VCP/p97's role in proteasome-mediated degradation is linked to its UBX-binding domain (Ménager et al, 2014). This domain interacts with ubiquitin-binding proteins (Ufd1 and Npl4) and deubiquitinating enzymes (Yod1, VCIP135, Usp19, and Ataxin-3) to regulate protein degradation (Nowis et al, 2006;Erzurumlu et al, 2023). The translocation complexes in ERAD for substrate recognition and degradation differ from those in protein import into the ER via the SEC61 translocon (Grotzke et al, 2017;Fregno and Molinari, 2019).…”

“…Besides extracting substrates and altering conformations, VCP/p97’s role in proteasome-mediated degradation is linked to its UBX-binding domain ( Ménager et al, 2014 ). This domain interacts with ubiquitin-binding proteins (Ufd1 and Npl4) and deubiquitinating enzymes (Yod1, VCIP135, Usp19, and Ataxin-3) to regulate protein degradation ( Nowis et al, 2006 ; Erzurumlu et al, 2023 ).…”