Circadian pattern of oviposition in the parasitoids &lt;i&gt;Microctonus aethiopoides&lt;/i&gt; Loan and &lt;i&gt;M. hyperodae &lt;/i&gt;Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in relation to host activity

Armstrong, Stuart; Barratt, B. I. P.; Evans, Adrian

doi:10.30843/nzpp.1996.49.11456

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ferguson et al (1994) suggested that parasitising non-target weevils may provide a 'refuge' and help M. aethiopoides to survive between generations of its target host. Armstrong et al (1996) found that M. aethiopoides oviposited in S. discoideus, primarily during light periods. However, when exposed to L. bonariensis, which feeds during dark periods, but oviposits during the night and day, M. aethiopoides oviposition occurred equally during light and dark periods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In contrast, M. hyperodae (an introduced biological control agent for L. bonariensis (Goldson et al 1984)) laid fewer eggs within its host during the day than the night, possibly indicating a more distinct rhythmicity in stalking activity (Armstrong et al 1996). Several hymenopteran egg and larval parasitoids have distinct circadian rhythms of locomotor activity independent of host activity but this varies with species, sex and strain (Fleury et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. conicus and the native weevils, Irenimus aemulator (Broun) and Nicaeana cervina Broun are present in grassland where M. aethiopoides is active (Barratt et al 1995) and also co-occurs with S. discoideus in lucerne (Ferguson et al 1994). Armstrong et al (1996) suggested that M. aethiopoides oviposition activity corresponded to the diurnal activity pattern of its target host, S. discoideus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Implications of host weevil circadian activity for parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Couch¹,

Cresswell²,

Barratt³

et al. 1997

pnzppc

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Previous studies have suggested that the braconid parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides Loan oviposits in its target host Sitona discoideus (Kuschel) primarily during light periods, and therefore, diurnally active non-target weevils may be more susceptible to parasitism than nocturnally active weevils. A laboratory investigation was carried out to measure the circadian feeding and oviposition activity patterns of three known non-target hosts of M. aethiopoides. M. aethiopoides was also exposed to Listronotus bonariensis Gyllenhal, a crepuscularly active weevil, in light or dark periods or continuously over a 16 hour light: 8 hour dark photoperiod. Feeding by two native species increased during the light period, while that of the introduced Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich) remained relatively constant throughout the light-dark cycle. Neither of the native species showed a consistent circadian oviposition pattern. R. conicus laid more eggs during light than dark periods. M. aethiopoides oviposited in L. bonariensis equally during light and dark periods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Implications of host weevil circadian activity for parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Couch¹,

Cresswell²,

Barratt³

et al. 1997

pnzppc

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“…However, the comparatively low levels of parasitism of L. bonariensis by M. aethiopoides suggest that behavioural acceptability may be low. This is perhaps due to a disparity in circadian activity patterns between the parasitoid and the novel host L. bonariensis (Armstrong et al 1996) which is expressed strongly in the field but attenuated under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides on a novel host Listronotus bonariensis in Canterbury pastures

McNeill¹,

Kean²,

Goldson³

2002

NZPP

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The parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides and M. hyperodae have been introduced as biological control agents against Sitona discoideus and Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis respectively. Collections from ryegrass/white clover pastures in mid-Canterbury found that M. aethiopoides was widespread in L. bonariensis, despite the weevil being a novel host. Microctonus aethiopoides was recovered from 83% of the 65 sites sampled in Canterbury, with parasitism rates of 0.4-19%. Studies in lucerne crops showed that M. aethiopoides preferentially parasitised its natural host S. discoideus, although in some cases up to 10% of L. bonariensis found in the lucerne were parasitised. A possible reason for the prevalence of M. aethiopoides in Canterbury pasture was that the widely-dispersive flights of S. discoideus from aestivation sites provided a source for re-infection of the parasitoid into ryegrass pasture. Analysis of field parasitism suggested that parasitism of L. bonariensis by M. aethiopoides was negatively correlated with parasitism by M. hyperodae.

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“…Field densities of adult parasitoids cannot be reliably estimated from this sampling method. Sampling was always conducted during daylight, usually between midday and 15:00 h. Most M. hyperodae oviposition occurs between dusk and dawn (Armstrong et al, 1996), thus M. hyperodae egg loads were unlikely to substantively decline during daylight hours.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of parasitoid egg load to host dynamics and implications for egg load evolution

Phillips

Kean

2017

J of Evolutionary Biology

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A theoretical debate about whether parasitoids should be time or egg limited now recognizes both as feasible, and interest has turned to determining the circumstances under which each might arise in the field, and their implications for parasitoid behaviour and evolution. Egg loads of parasitoids sampled from the field are predicted to show a negative response to host availability, but empirical support for this relationship is scarce. We measured how a parasitoid's egg load responded to seasonal fluctuations in host population density and recorded the predicted correlation. In early summer, parasitoids were at high risk of time limitation due to low host availability, and in late summer, their offspring were at greater risk of egg limitation due to high host availability. Despite clear seasonal changes in selection pressures on egg load and lifespan, the parasitoid showed no evidence of seasonal variation in its reproductive strategy. We made minor modifications to a previously published model to explore the effects of seasonal variation in host availability on optimal investments in eggs and lifespan and obtained several new results. In particular, under circumstances analogous to some of those observed in our field study, temporal stochasticity in reproductive opportunities can cause investments in eggs to increase, rather than decrease as previously predicted. Our model results helped to explain the parasitoid's lack of a seasonally varying reproductive strategy. Understanding the evolution of parasitoid egg load would benefit from a shift of research emphasis from purely stochastic variation in parasitoid reproductive opportunities to greater consideration of host dynamics.

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Circadian pattern of oviposition in the parasitoids <i>Microctonus aethiopoides</i> Loan and <i>M. hyperodae </i>Loan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in relation to host activity

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Implications of host weevil circadian activity for parasitism by <i>Microctonus aethiopoides</i> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Implications of host weevil circadian activity for parasitism by <i>Microctonus aethiopoides</i> (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Parasitism by <i>Microctonus aethiopoides</i> on a novel host <i>Listronotus bonariensis</i> in Canterbury pastures

Response of parasitoid egg load to host dynamics and implications for egg load evolution

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