Circadian preference and facial emotion recognition among rehabilitation inpatients.

Abstract

Objective: Examined the role of circadian preference on facial emotion recognition among rehabilitation inpatients. Design: 47 patients with stroke and 24 patients with orthopedic diagnoses were screened for circadian preference and assessed at preferred and nonpreferred times of day on a computerized task of facial emotion recognition. Results: Disproportionate effects of time of day, relative to individual circadian preference, were found among persons with stroke-related cognitive impairment, compared with orthopedic patients, on facial emotion recognition. These differences were independent of differences in visual perception, subjective mood, or sleepiness. Conclusions: The circadian preference effect can be understood in terms of cognitive reserve. Among persons with acquired brain injury, the ability to access cognitive reserve appears to be affected by environmental variables (e.g., time of day), suggesting an additional component to existing models of reserve. Limited ability to recognize facial emotional expression in this population may present behavioral, occupational, and interpersonal challenges to community reintegration poststroke. Understanding this time-of-day effect adds to existing knowledge of factors affecting successful postacute outcomes in stroke rehabilitation.

Social interactions, emotion and sleep: A systematic review and research agenda

“…Five studies, to our knowledge, have looked at how the circadian system affects emotionality in healthy subjects using objective measures of emotion. Circadian effects have been investigated via measures of diurnal preference, with Paradee et al [125] reporting a significant effect of chronotypecongruent test times in overall emotion recognition performance among a group of rehabilitation patients. Other researchers have investigated the role of light in emotion perception, and blue light, which plays an important role in the circadian system, has been found to affect how emotional information is processed [126].…”

Behavioral inhibition and activation systems in traumatic brain injury.

“…Positive affect and negative affect represent dispositional dimensions, with individuals high in positive affect being more content, secure, and less anxious, whereas individuals high in negative affect are characterized as being more distressed, upset, and as having a negative view of the world. The PANAS is widely used in research, and it has been successfully used with TBI populations (Paradee et al, 2008; Rapport, Bryer, & Hanks, 2008). The PANAS PA and NA scales have high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .89 and .85, respectively), as well as high divergent and convergent validity across multiple populations (Watson et al, 1988).…”

Investigating the effects of sleep and sleep loss on the different stages of episodic emotional memory: A narrative review and guide to the future

“…With regard to exploring the role of sleep in emotional memory processing, taking Process S and Process C into careful consideration may be even more critical than when investigating other forms of memory. This is because both extended periods of wakefulness (i.e., sleep deprivation) and different periods in our circadian rhythm have both been shown to affect cognitive function ( Dijk et al, 1992 ; Drummond et al, 2004 ; Durmer and Dinges, 2005 ; Blatter and Cajochen, 2007 ; Goel et al, 2009 ; Killgore, 2010 ; Lim and Dinges, 2010 ; Krause et al, 2017 ) and emotional perception ( Paradee et al, 2008 ; Walker and van Der Helm, 2009 ; Kahn et al, 2013 ; McClung, 2013 ; Prather et al, 2013 ; Goldstein and Walker, 2014 ; Stolarski and Jankowski, 2015 ). If the expectation is that our emotion and memory systems interact in such a way that drives preferential long-term declarative memory for arousing over neutral information ( van der Helm and Walker, 2011 ; Cunningham et al, 2014b ; Cunningham and Payne, 2017 ) and both Process S and Process C individually exert influence on these systems, then in order to understand the independent effects of sleep on emotional memory processing, Process S and Process C must both be taken into consideration.…”