Circadian Regulation of cAMP Response Element-mediated Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei

Obrietan, Karl; Impey, Soren; Smith, D.L.; Athos, Jaime; Storm, Daniel R.

doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17748

Cited by 262 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…For example, morning light almost certainly up-regulates clock protein transcription in mammals, for example, per1 transcription (37). Therefore, VIP-mediated upregulation of cAMP levels probably activates CREB and clock gene transcription through CRE sites in mammalian clock gene promoters rather than influencing clock protein turnover like in flies (38,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PDF and cAMP enhance PER stability in Drosophila clock neurons

Guo

Shen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Significance This work describes an advance in the understanding of how the important circadian neuropeptide PDF contributes to the function of the molecular clock in Drosophila neurons. The famous per S allele of period significantly improves the rhythmicity of flies missing PDF. The per S gene product degrades rapidly, suggesting that PDF-mediated cAMP affects PER stability. Indeed, increasing cAMP levels and cAMP-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) activity stabilizes PER, in tissue culture cells and in circadian neurons. PDF addition to fly brains in vitro has a similar effect. Our observations taken together indicate that PDF contributes to clock neuron function by activating PKA, stabilizing PER, and thereby slowing the pace of clock neurons that respond to PDF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PDF and cAMP enhance PER stability in Drosophila clock neurons

Guo

Shen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Any step in this pathway could be regulated in Aplysia by the circadian clock. The circadian clock has been shown to regulate the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (44)(45)(46), cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein activation, and cAMP-responsive-element-mediated gene expression (47)(48)(49) in other organisms. Downstream, immediate early genes could be regulated by the circadian clock, such as the transcription factor ApC͞EBP, which was recently shown to be rhythmically expressed in the eye of Aplysia (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian modulation of long-term sensitization in Aplysia

Fernandez

Lyons

Levenson

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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As the mechanisms for learning and memory are elucidated, modulation of learning and memory becomes a central issue. We studied the modulation of learning and memory by investigating the circadian regulation of short-and long-term sensitization of the siphon withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. We found that Aplysia exhibited diurnal and circadian rhythms of long-term sensitization (LTS) with significantly greater LTS occurring when animals were trained and tested during the day relative to those trained and tested at night. In contrast to the modulation of LTS, short-term sensitization was not regulated by the circadian clock. Time of training rather than time of testing determined the circadian rhythm of LTS. Animals trained during the subjective day demonstrated LTS when tested during either the day or the night. Conversely, when animals were trained during the night, LTS was not observed when animals were tested either at night or during the day. Thus, the circadian rhythm of LTS is a rhythm in learning rather than a rhythm in recall. The threshold required to elicit siphon withdrawal and the duration of siphon withdrawal were not regulated by the circadian clock. These results indicate that the circadian oscillator exerts strong modulatory influences on one form of long-term memory in Aplysia.H ow organisms learn has been of interest for centuries as people seek to understand and improve learning and memory abilities. One aspect of understanding learning and memory is determining how these processes are normally modulated. What conditions modulate learning and memory, and how does regulation occur? General health, motivation, age, stress, sleep patterns, and time of day may modulate learning and memory. The circadian clock regulates many behavioral and physiological processes, making it likely that circadian modulation of learning and memory also occurs (1).Circadian modulation of learning and memory has been investigated with varied results. Some studies have indicated time of day influences memory in humans (2-4), whereas other studies have found little impact of time of day on memory (5). Researchers studying hippocampus-dependent learning found that rats trained at midday showed decreased retention compared with animals trained earlier or later (6). However, other researchers found no time-of-day effects on multiple learning tasks (7). Furthermore, two laboratories studying contextual fear conditioning in mice reported different effects of the circadian clock on learning and memory (8, 9). The issue of circadian modulation of learning and memory remains to be determined.Indirect evidence for circadian modulation of learning and memory comes from in vitro studies of long-term potentiation. Researchers have documented diurnal and circadian differences in long-term potentiation in the hippocampus (10, 11). Additional studies have also found that excitability of CA3 neurons is regulated diurnally (12). Thus, some mechanisms exist for learning and memory to be rhythmic. Experiments demonstrating that consolidation ...

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“…Multimers of the CRE confer circadian-regulated transcription in both the mouse SCN (Obrietan et al, 1999) and fruitfly (Belvin et al, 1999). CRE elements are present in both the per and tim promoters, although their contribution to circadian-regulated transcription remains unclear (Kyriacou and Rosato, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

2002

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We have defined a minimal Arabidopsis CATALASE 3 (CAT3) promoter sufficient to drive evening-specific circadian transcription of a LUCIFERASE reporter gene. Deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis reveal a circadian response element, the evening element (EE: AAAATATCT), that is necessary for evening-specific transcription. The EE differs only by a single base pair from the CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1-binding site (CBS: AAAAAATCT), which is important for morning-specific transcription. We tested the hypothesis that the EE and the CBS specify circadian phase by site-directed mutagenesis to convert the CAT3 EE into a CBS. Changing the CAT3 EE to a CBS changes the phase of peak transcription from the evening to the morning in continuous dark and in light-dark cycles, consistent with the specification of phase by the single base pair that distinguishes these elements. However, rhythmicity of the CBS-containing CAT3 promoter is dramatically compromised in continuous light. Thus, we conclude that additional information normally provided in the context of a morning-specific promoter is necessary for full circadian activity of the CBS.The circadian clock enables an organism to specifically partition aspects of its biology to precise times over the day (Dunlap, 1999). Although the circadian clock is, by definition, endogenous and continues to run in the absence of external time cues, environmental stimuli such as light and temperature act to entrain the internal processes of an organism both to the exact external daily period and in a defined relationship, or phase angle, to the diurnal cycle. For example, in Arabidopsis, light and temperature information are integrated to partition physiological activities such as circadian-regulated leaf movement, stomatal opening, and gene expression to distinct times of day or phases (McClung et al., 2002).A central theme that has emerged in circadian biology is that the core oscillator is composed of a negative feedback loop grounded in positive and negative transcriptional regulation (Dunlap, 1999). It has recently been demonstrated that the Arabidopsis circadian clock entails such a transcriptional feedback loop (Alabadí et al., 2001) that includes at least three components: TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1; also called Arabidopsis PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 1, APRR1; Millar et al., 1995;, CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1; Wang and Tobin, 1998), and LATE ELON-GATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY; Schaffer et al., 1998).CCA1 and LHY are single-Myb domain transcription factors, and DNA-binding activity of CCA1 to a CCA1-binding site (CBS: AAAAATCT) has been characterized (Wang et al., 1997). The hypothesized role of TOC1 as a transcription factor is based on similarity to CONSTANS, although DNA binding by TOC1 has not been experimentally established (Strayer et al., 2000). However, TOC1 (APRR1) has been shown to bind to PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3), a Myc-related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and to the related PIF3-LIKE 1 (PIL1; Makino et al., 2002). Expression o...

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Circadian Regulation of cAMP Response Element-mediated Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei

Cited by 262 publications

References 73 publications

PDF and cAMP enhance PER stability in Drosophila clock neurons

PDF and cAMP enhance PER stability in Drosophila clock neurons

Circadian modulation of long-term sensitization in Aplysia

Phase-Specific Circadian Clock Regulatory Elements in Arabidopsis

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