Circadian regulation of electrolyte absorption in the rat colon

Soták, Matúš; Polidarová, Lenka; Musı́lková, Jana; Hock, Miroslav; Sumová, Alena; Pácha, Jiřı́

doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00256.2011

Cited by 50 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Early work by Comperatore and Stephan (6,7) showed that irregular contractions in the duodenum increased 2 h before a timed meal was presented to rats and that this effect was unaffected by subdiaphragm vagotomy, suggesting that the intestine itself may be able to anticipate a meal. Recently published work from our laboratory and others supports the view that the intestine contains a circadian oscillator (14,16,30,31). Transcriptional profiling of the distal colon shows that a large proportion of genes associated with normal and diseased states of the colon, including all the clock genes, are expressed rhythmically (16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 70%

Circadian rhythms of gastrointestinal function are regulated by both central and peripheral oscillators

Malloy

Paulose

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Circadian clocks are responsible for daily rhythms in a wide array of processes, including gastrointestinal (GI) function. These are vital for normal digestive rhythms and overall health. Previous studies demonstrated circadian clocks within the cells of GI tissue. The present study examines the roles played by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), master circadian pacemaker for overt circadian rhythms, and the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of circadian GI rhythms in the mouse Mus musculus. Surgical ablation of the SCN abolishes circadian locomotor, feeding, and stool output rhythms when animals are presented with food ad libitum, while restricted feeding reestablishes these rhythms temporarily. In intact mice, chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine has no effect on feeding and locomotor rhythmicity in light-dark cycles or constant darkness but attenuates stool weight and stool number rhythms. Again, however, restricted feeding reestablishes rhythms in locomotor activity, feeding, and stool output rhythms. Ex vivo, intestinal tissue from PER2::LUC transgenic mice expresses circadian rhythms of luciferase bioluminescence. Chemical sympathectomy has little effect on these rhythms, but timed administration of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol causes a phase-dependent shift in PERIOD2 expression rhythms. Collectively, the data suggest that the SCN are required to maintain feeding, locomotor, and stool output rhythms during ad libitum conditions, acting at least in part through daily activation of sympathetic activity. Even so, this input is not necessary for entrainment to timed feeding, which may be the province of oscillators within the intestines themselves or other components of the GI system.

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mentioning

confidence: 70%

Circadian rhythms of gastrointestinal function are regulated by both central and peripheral oscillators

Malloy

Paulose

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…In adult rats, similar to other species, the individual parts of the intestine, including the colon, harbor functional daily clocks (17,23), which drive daily rhythms in various colonic functions, including motility (7), permeability (28), as well as expression of genes coding electrolyte transporters (23,25) and cell cycle regulators (16,17). It is supposed that the principal role of the colonic clock is to ensure that its optimal functional state is achieved in anticipation of the chyme supply, which rhythmically varies during the day and night, according to feeding regime.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and entrainment of the colonic circadian clock during ontogenesis

Polidarová

Olejníková

Paušlyová

et al. 2014

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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-Colonic morphology and function change significantly during ontogenesis. In mammals, many colonic physiological functions are temporally controlled by the circadian clock in the colon, which is entrained by the central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). The aim of this present study was to ascertain when and how the circadian clock in the colon develops during the perinatal period and whether maternal cues and/or the developing pup SCN may influence the ontogenesis of the colonic clock. Daily profiles of clock genes Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, Reverb␣, Bmal1, and Clock expression in the colon underwent significant modifications since embryonic day 20 (E20) through postnatal days (P) 2, 10, 20, and 30 via changes in the mutual phasing among the individual clock gene expression rhythms, their relative phasing to the light-dark regime, and their amplitudes. An adult-like state was achieved around P20. The foster study revealed that during the prenatal period, the maternal circadian phase may partially modulate development of the colonic clock. Postnatally, the absence and/or presence of rhythmic maternal care affected the phasing of the clock gene expression profiles in pups at P10 and P20. A reversal in the colonic clock phase between P10 and P20 occurred in the absence of rhythmic signals from the pup SCN. The data demonstrate ontogenetic maturation of the colonic clock and stress the importance of prenatal and postnatal maternal rhythmic signals for its development. These data may contribute to the understanding of colonic function-related diseases in newborn children. colon; circadian clock; clock gene; ontogenesis; circadian entrainment THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT begins functioning immediately after birth with demands to digest, absorb, and secrete water, electrolytes, and nutrients. Concurrently, the gastrointestinal tract also provides a selective barrier against the noxious environment of the gut lumen, which is continuously exposed to a variety of commensal and pathogenic microbes and antigens. During ontogenesis, the gut morphology and function undergo major modifications, which are already apparent during the prenatal period and continue during early postnatal development until weaning (for review, see Ref. 15). The primitive gut tube is established early prenatally, which coincides with the development of the enteric nervous system (3). After the gut tube is fully formed, the epithelium, mesenchyme, and lumen undergo expansion followed by epithelium reorganization. During that period, villi are formed in a rostrocaudal wave along the entire intestinal tract. Later, the spaces between the epithelial folds become populated by cells that represent proliferating compartments of the crypts (11). In rodents, colonic crypts are formed only after birth, and their morphological architecture further develops postnatally. Early postnatally, the immature colon is capable of transporting nutrients, such as carbohydrates and amino acids (1, 18), but this ability rapidly disappears with age. In rats, th...

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“…In contrast, Nocturnin (i.e., clock-regulated deadenylase)-knockout mice showed that lipid absorption was reduced because of reduced chylomicron transit (88). Expression of the sodium pump (Atpa1a), sodium channel (gEnac), sodium transporters (Dra, Ae1, and Nhe3), and the Na + /H + exchanger regulatory factor (Nherf1) in rat colonic mucosa showed circadian variations, suggesting that NaCl absorption in the colon was under circadian regulation (89). The drug transporters Mdr1, Mct1, Mrp2, Pept1, and Bcrp also showed circadian expression in rat jejunal mucosa (26).…”

Section: Digestion and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chrono-biology, Chrono-pharmacology, and Chrono-nutrition

Tahara¹,

Shibata²

2014

J Pharmacol Sci

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Molecular mechanisms of the circadian clock systemThe circadian clock system has been widely maintained in many species, from prokaryotes to mammals. "Circadian" means "around [a] day" in Latin, and therefore "circadian rhythm" refers to a cycle of approximate 24 h. The earth rotates once every 24 h, and the circadian system has evolved to adjust functions and behavior to this cycle in order to efficiently utilize sunlight for photosynthesis in the case of plants and cyanobacteria and to obtain food in the case of animals. One of the most important features of our circadian system is that circadian clocks can endogenously maintain time under constant darkness and without external stimuli, suggesting that our body has its own internal clocks. In 1972, Moore and Eichler (1) investigated the effects of destroying the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the rat hypothalamus. Their results revealed the loss of sleep-wake cycles and corticosterone rhythms. Since then, the SCN is regarded as the location of the master clock system in mammals. The SCN receives light-dark information directly through the retinal-hypothalamic tract and organizes the local clock in the peripheral tissues through multiple pathways involving neural and hormonal functions (2, 3). The molecular mechanism of the circadian system in mammals has been well studied over the past two decades. The transcriptional-translational feedback loop of the major clock genes Bmal1, Clock, Per1/2, and Cry1/2 is the main component of the circadian system (2) (Fig. 1A). Bmal1 and Clock, which are transcriptional activators, play a positive role in activating the Per and Cry genes through a specific promoter sequence known as the E-box. Per and Cry are translated into proteins in the cytoplasm and are then transported back into the nucleus after interacting with each other, and they subsequently stop their transcription by binding to BMAL1 and CLOCK. Thus, Per and Cry are rhythmically expressed over a 24-h period. This transcriptional regulation induces rhythmic expression of approximately 10% of all genes in each peripheral cell (4 -6). In addition to such transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock, post-transcriptional regulation and translational regulation have recently been reported to play important roles in maintaining circadian rhythms. Genome-wide RNA-seq and Chip-seq analyses found that only 22% of the rhythmically oscillating messenger RNAs are driven by de novo transcription, with RNA polymerase II recruitment and chromatin remodeling also exhibiting such rhythms (7). Furthermore, it was reported that the non-transcriptional redox cycle has a 24-h rhythm in Chrono-biology, Chrono-pharmacology, and Chrono-nutrition Tokyo 162-8480, Japan Received October 25, 2013; Accepted January 5, 2014 Abstract. The circadian clock system in mammals drives many physiological processes including the daily rhythms of sleep-wake behavior, hormonal secretion, and metabolism. This system responds to daily environmental changes, such as the light-dark cycle, food...

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Circadian regulation of electrolyte absorption in the rat colon

Cited by 50 publications

References 43 publications

Circadian rhythms of gastrointestinal function are regulated by both central and peripheral oscillators

Circadian rhythms of gastrointestinal function are regulated by both central and peripheral oscillators

Development and entrainment of the colonic circadian clock during ontogenesis

Chrono-biology, Chrono-pharmacology, and Chrono-nutrition

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