Circadian Rhythm, and Antimicrobial and Anticholinesterase Activities of Essential Oils from Vitex gardneriana

Abstract

Vitex gardneriana, popularly known as "jaramataia", is a shrub commonly found in the caatinga biome located in northeast Brazil. In folk medicine, its leaves have been used as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. Here we describe, for the first time, the chemical composition of the leaf essential oils extracted at 8.00, 12.00 and 17.00 h from V. gardneriana and report on their circadian rhythm, and antimicrobial and anticholinesterase activities. The essential oils' antifungal activity was evaluated by a broth microdilution method using strains of dermatophytes, fungi and yeasts. The modulatory activity assays were performed by the checkerboard technique using ketoconazole as a standard drug, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was performed using Ellman's colorimetric method and compared with a reference acetycholinesterase inhibitor (physostigmine). The essential oils extracted from the leaves were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID. Twenty-five constituents (94.7%) were identified in the 8 o'clock oil, these being 2 monoterpenes (0.4%) and 23 sesquiterpenes (94.3%). For the essential oil extracted at 12 o'clock, 26 constituents (91.8%) were identified, of which 2 were monoterpenes (0.3%) and 24 sesquiterpenes (91.5%). For the essential oil extracted at 17.00 h, 32 constituents (91.4%) were identified, of which 5 were monoterpenes (3.4%) and 27 sesquiterpenes (88%). The main constituents of the 8.00, 12.00 and 17.00 h essential oils were the sesquiterpenes cis-calamenene (27.9, 24.5 and 25.8%), 6,9-guaiadiene (21.8, 11.2 and 18.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (16.7, 26.3 and 13.8%), respectively. The essential oils showed activity against strains of Trichophyton rubrum.

Atividades Antioxidante, Anticolinesterasica E Citotóxica De Metabolitos De Fungos Endofiticos / Antioxidant, Anticolinesterasic and Cytoxic Activities of Endophytic Fungus Metabolites

“…As duas espécies de fungos do gênero Dichotomophthora apresentaram bons resultados, visto que trabalhos anteriores, utilizando substâncias isoladas, apresentaram valores equivalentes (ALVES et al, 2017;MARTINS et al, 2018;MORAIS et al, 2017;PENIDO et al, 2017;PEREIRA et al, 2018), ressalta-se portanto a importância dos resultados aqui apresentados, na qual foram utilizados extratos.…”

“…A Caatinga apresenta uma grande diversidade de fungos cujo maior parcela é caracterizada pela micobiota endofitica (ALBUQUERQUE, 2006). Diversos trabalhos determinam uma ampla área de aplicação dos metabólicos secundários extraídos de fungos endofíticos, atuando com relevância nas atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, antileishmanial, entre outras bioatividades (ALVES et al, 2018;PEREIRA et al, 2018;CONCEIÇÃO, 2010;TAKAHASHI et al, 2009).…”

Essential Oils and Biological Activities of the Genus Vitex (Lamiaceae) – A Review

“…In addition, the essential oil showed about 70% to 9% and 30% -3% of growth reduction on C. albicans and C. tropicalis, respectively (Vale et al, 2019). In another study, V. gardneriana essential oil gave value of 4.0 mg/mL against dermatophytes and yeasts; C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and T. rubrum (Pereira et al, 2018). The V. doniana essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans with inhibition zones of 11, 4 and 12 mm, respectively (Sonibare et al, 2009).…”

Biotechnological potential of essential oils from native and cultivated plants in Brazil

“…From the regression line, the LC50 values were read, representing the concentration causing 50% larval mortality. The insecticide Temephos™ was used as positive control and a solution of water and 3% DMSO was used as negative control (Tabanca et al, 2013;Pereira et al, 2018). The A. aegypti and A. albopictus larvae of the third instar were obtained at the Etymology Laboratory of the Vector Group of the Ceará State Health Secretariat.…”

“…The main constituents were the sesquiterpenes cis-calamenene, 6,9-guaiadiene and caryophyllene oxide. The essential oils showed activity against strains of Trichophyton rubrum (Pereira et al, 2018).…”