“…Table 4 reports the references excluded [51–57], with reasons for exclusion. Of the included references, 17 [10–26] provided information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, 2 [27, 28] included data on the prevalence of ADHD in individuals with obesity, and 28 [12, 19–22, 25, 29–46, 48–50, 58] reported data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity (We note that references providing information both on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD and obesity and on possible mechanisms were counted twice). Of note, none of the retrieved studies addressed the implications of the association between ADHD and obesity for the management of patients with both conditions.Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data here refer to the second studyUSACross-sectionalTotal = 43,796ADHD = 6209Non-ADHD = 37,58710–17In the unadjusted model and controlling for depression, but not in the model adjusting simultaneously for depression and conduct disorder, ADHD and obesity were significantly associated in girls aged 14–17.Özcan et al (2015) [21]TurkeyCross-sectionalTotal = 76ADHD = 36Controls = 409.3 years (1.78)Adiponectin plasma levels were significantly lower ( p = 0.03) and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was significantly higher ( p = 0.09) in the ADHD group compared to the non-ADHD group.Patte et al (2016) [44]CanadaCross-sectionalTotal = 42133.56 (6.66), 24–50Structural equation model showed that ADHD symptoms, predicted by hypodopaminergic functioning in the prefrontal cortex, in combination with an enhanced appetitive drive, predicted hedonic eating and, in turn, higher BMI.Pauli-Pott et al (2013) [45]GermanyCross-sectionalTotal = 128 overweight obeseADHD = 17Subclinical ADHD = 71Non-ADHD = 408–15 yearsADHD symptoms were not significantly associated with disordered eating behaviors.Pauli-Pott et al (2014) [22]GermanyCross-sectionalTotal = 360ADHD = 257Controls (adjustment disorder) = 1036–12The association between ADHD and obesity, after controlling for age, gender, and ODD/CD, was no more significant.Ptacek et al (2014) [46]Czech RepublicCross-sectionalTotal = 200ADHD = 100 Controls = 1006–10Subjects with ADHD skipped meals—breakfast ( p < 0.004), lunch ( p < 0.007), and dinner ( p < 0.001)—significantly more often than controls. ADHD children eat more than 5 times a day ( p < 0.001).Compared to controls, children with ADHD drank significantly more sweetened beverages ( p < 0.003).Turkotlu et al (2015) [25]TurkeyCross-sectionalTotal = 375ADHD = 300 treatment-naive childrenControls = 751 0.1 (2.5), 7–17Breast-feeding duration in the ADHD group was significantly shorter than in the controls ( p < 0.001).BMI percentile scores were significantly correlated with the oppositional, cognitive problems/inattentive, social problems, and psychosomatic subscores of the Conners Parents Rating Scales.Van Egmond-Frohlich et al (2012) [47]GermanyCross-sectionalTotal = 11,6766–17Adjusting for sex and age only, ADHD symptoms score severity was significantly and positively associated with television exposure, medium- to high-intensity physical activity, and total energy intake, while they were negatively associated with the HuSKY diet quality index (all p < 0.001).Vogel et al (2015) [4...…”
While psychiatric comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been extensively explored, less attention has been paid to somatic conditions possibly associated with this disorder. However, mounting evidence in the last decade pointed to a possible significant association between ADHD and certain somatic conditions, including obesity. This papers provides an update of a previous systematic review on the relationship between obesity and ADHD (Cortese and Vincenzi, Curr Top Behav Neurosci 9:199–218, 2012), focusing on pertinent peer-reviewed empirical papers published since 2012. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge databases (search dates: from January 1st, 2012, to July 16th, 2016). We retained a total of 41 studies, providing information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, focusing on the rates of ADHD in individuals with obesity, or reporting data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity. Overall, over the past 4 years, an increasing number of studies have assessed the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD or the rates of ADHD in patients with obesity. Although findings are mixed across individual studies, meta-analytic evidence shows a significant association between ADHD and obesity, regardless of possible confounding factors such as psychiatric comorbidities. An increasing number of studies have also addressed possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD and obesity, highlighting the role, among others, of abnormal eating patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and possible common genetic alterations. Importantly, recent longitudinal studies support a causal role of ADHD in contributing to weight gain. The next generation of studies in the field should explore if and to which extent the treatment of comorbid ADHD in individuals with obesity may lead to long-term weight loss, ultimately improving their overall well-being and quality of life.
“…Table 4 reports the references excluded [51–57], with reasons for exclusion. Of the included references, 17 [10–26] provided information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, 2 [27, 28] included data on the prevalence of ADHD in individuals with obesity, and 28 [12, 19–22, 25, 29–46, 48–50, 58] reported data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity (We note that references providing information both on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD and obesity and on possible mechanisms were counted twice). Of note, none of the retrieved studies addressed the implications of the association between ADHD and obesity for the management of patients with both conditions.Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Data here refer to the second studyUSACross-sectionalTotal = 43,796ADHD = 6209Non-ADHD = 37,58710–17In the unadjusted model and controlling for depression, but not in the model adjusting simultaneously for depression and conduct disorder, ADHD and obesity were significantly associated in girls aged 14–17.Özcan et al (2015) [21]TurkeyCross-sectionalTotal = 76ADHD = 36Controls = 409.3 years (1.78)Adiponectin plasma levels were significantly lower ( p = 0.03) and leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio was significantly higher ( p = 0.09) in the ADHD group compared to the non-ADHD group.Patte et al (2016) [44]CanadaCross-sectionalTotal = 42133.56 (6.66), 24–50Structural equation model showed that ADHD symptoms, predicted by hypodopaminergic functioning in the prefrontal cortex, in combination with an enhanced appetitive drive, predicted hedonic eating and, in turn, higher BMI.Pauli-Pott et al (2013) [45]GermanyCross-sectionalTotal = 128 overweight obeseADHD = 17Subclinical ADHD = 71Non-ADHD = 408–15 yearsADHD symptoms were not significantly associated with disordered eating behaviors.Pauli-Pott et al (2014) [22]GermanyCross-sectionalTotal = 360ADHD = 257Controls (adjustment disorder) = 1036–12The association between ADHD and obesity, after controlling for age, gender, and ODD/CD, was no more significant.Ptacek et al (2014) [46]Czech RepublicCross-sectionalTotal = 200ADHD = 100 Controls = 1006–10Subjects with ADHD skipped meals—breakfast ( p < 0.004), lunch ( p < 0.007), and dinner ( p < 0.001)—significantly more often than controls. ADHD children eat more than 5 times a day ( p < 0.001).Compared to controls, children with ADHD drank significantly more sweetened beverages ( p < 0.003).Turkotlu et al (2015) [25]TurkeyCross-sectionalTotal = 375ADHD = 300 treatment-naive childrenControls = 751 0.1 (2.5), 7–17Breast-feeding duration in the ADHD group was significantly shorter than in the controls ( p < 0.001).BMI percentile scores were significantly correlated with the oppositional, cognitive problems/inattentive, social problems, and psychosomatic subscores of the Conners Parents Rating Scales.Van Egmond-Frohlich et al (2012) [47]GermanyCross-sectionalTotal = 11,6766–17Adjusting for sex and age only, ADHD symptoms score severity was significantly and positively associated with television exposure, medium- to high-intensity physical activity, and total energy intake, while they were negatively associated with the HuSKY diet quality index (all p < 0.001).Vogel et al (2015) [4...…”
While psychiatric comorbidities of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been extensively explored, less attention has been paid to somatic conditions possibly associated with this disorder. However, mounting evidence in the last decade pointed to a possible significant association between ADHD and certain somatic conditions, including obesity. This papers provides an update of a previous systematic review on the relationship between obesity and ADHD (Cortese and Vincenzi, Curr Top Behav Neurosci 9:199–218, 2012), focusing on pertinent peer-reviewed empirical papers published since 2012. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge databases (search dates: from January 1st, 2012, to July 16th, 2016). We retained a total of 41 studies, providing information on the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD, focusing on the rates of ADHD in individuals with obesity, or reporting data useful to gain insight into possible mechanisms underlying the putative association between ADHD and obesity. Overall, over the past 4 years, an increasing number of studies have assessed the prevalence of obesity in individuals with ADHD or the rates of ADHD in patients with obesity. Although findings are mixed across individual studies, meta-analytic evidence shows a significant association between ADHD and obesity, regardless of possible confounding factors such as psychiatric comorbidities. An increasing number of studies have also addressed possible mechanisms underlying the link between ADHD and obesity, highlighting the role, among others, of abnormal eating patterns, sedentary lifestyle, and possible common genetic alterations. Importantly, recent longitudinal studies support a causal role of ADHD in contributing to weight gain. The next generation of studies in the field should explore if and to which extent the treatment of comorbid ADHD in individuals with obesity may lead to long-term weight loss, ultimately improving their overall well-being and quality of life.
“…In a meta-analysis, adult ADHD has also been shown to be associated with obesity [30,31], which may reflect e.g. an unhealthy lifestyle by chronic sleep loss, less self care, disturbed eating patterns, and unhealthy food preferences in this group [32][33][34].…”
Section: Impairment and Consequences Of Adhdmentioning
ADHD is an often heritable, neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence of 4-5% in children and adults and about 3% in older adults. The disorder in older adults (> 55 years) is accompanied by similar comorbidities such as anxiety and depression, and social impairment as in younger age groups. Areas covered: An overview of the literature on diagnostic assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment of older adults with ADHD is described. Case studies show that stimulant treatment is beneficial for ADHD in old age, but randomized controlled trials are lacking. Stimulant treatment has been studied in depression and even dementia in older adults, and seems safe with active cardiovascular risk management. In this paper, a proposal for diagnostic assessment and treatment is described for ADHD in older adults, including differential diagnosis with other psychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Expert commentary: Regarding the organization of mental health, professionals in geriatric psychiatry need to be trained in assessment and treatment of ADHD in older age. Lifespan ADHD clinics may help patients of all ages to receive better specialized care.
“…Associations between BED and ADHD may be explained by common characteristics of underlying poor impulse control and executive function, poor awareness of food intake, and disrupted circadian rhythms (Cortese et al 2015;Fernández-Aranda et al 2013;Vogel et al 2015). ADHD and BED patients may use "eating food" as a compensatory method to alleviate negative emotions or to avoid environmental cues, rather than reducing feelings of hunger (Davis et al 2006).…”
We aimed to conduct a systematic review to examine the rates of comorbid Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and various behavioral addictions, including gambling disorder, food addiction/binge-eating disorder, sex addiction/hypersexuality disorder, Internet addiction/Internet gaming disorder, compulsive buying disorder, and exercise addiction. PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles published before December, 2015. Exclusion criteria were studies with either behavioral addictions or ADHD only, but not both; review articles, case reports, case series, book chapters, and letters to the editor. Studies not using standardized diagnostic criteria for ADHD, gambling disorder, or binge-eating disorder were also excluded. Of the 3126 citations found, 14 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five reported results for rates of comorbid ADHD and gambling disorder, three for those of ADHD and binge-eating disorder, two for those of ADHD and sex addiction, and four for those of ADHD and Internet addiction. No studies were found to report rates of comorbid ADHD and compulsive buying disorder or exercise addiction. The prevalence of comorbid ADHD in individuals with behavioral addictions ranged from 5.8 % to 88.3 %. The prevalence of comorbid behavioral addictions in those with ADHD ranged from 5.9 % to 71.8 %. This systematic review revealed a high degree of co-occurrence of ADHD and behavioral addictions. The findings of this review shed light on the need to explore the links between ADHD and behavioral addictions and their implications for treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
