Circadian Rhythm in Adipose Tissue: Novel Antioxidant Target for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Obesity is a major risk factor for most metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ that modulates metabolic and cardiovascular health by secreting signaling molecules. Oxidative stress is a common mechanism associated with metabolic and cardiovascular complications including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Oxidative stress can cause adipose tissue dysfunction. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggest that adipose tissue function and oxidative stress have an innate connection with the intrinsic biological clock. Circadian clock orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes according to internal or external cues. Recent studies have identified the genes and molecular pathways exhibiting circadian expression patterns in adipose tissue. Disruption of the circadian rhythmicity has been suggested to augment oxidative stress and aberrate adipose tissue function and metabolism. Therefore, circadian machinery in the adipose tissue may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on circadian rhythm and oxidative stress in adipose tissue, dissect the key components that play a role in regulating the clock rhythm, oxidative stress and adipose tissue function, and discuss the potential use of antioxidant treatment on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases by targeting the adipose clock.

Effects of PM Exposure on the Methylation of Clock Genes in A Population of Subjects with Overweight or Obesity

“…Since CLOCK and ARNTL are sensitive to the intracellular redox state [37], this may justify the effect of a pro-oxidative agent such as PM on cellular circadian pathways. Accordingly, 24-h oscillations of H 2 O 2 levels seem to have a modulatory effect on the activity of the CLOCK protein via cysteine oxidation [38]. Secondly, the fine and ultrafine PM may influence the epigenetic regulation of clock genes by stimulating the release of microvesicles by the lung epithelium and inflammatory cells [27].…”

Role of Circadian Rhythms in Major Plant Metabolic and Signaling Pathways

“…Living organisms, such as animals, cyanobacteria, and plants, have an internal endogenous oscillator known as the circadian clock, which predicts the alteration during the light and dark cycles. The term “circadian” was first coined in 1959 by Franz Halberg, originated from two different Latin words “circa” means “around” and “diem or dies” means “day” ( McClung, 2006 ; Srivastava et al, 2019 ; Man et al, 2020 ). It permits organisms to synchronize and assemble for daily or seasonal changes depending on the surrounding environmental conditions.…”

The Association Between Sedentary Screen Time, Non-screen-based Sedentary Time, and Overweight in Chinese Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…Recent studies have indicated that high artificial light levels, either outdoor or in the bedroom, correlate with increased body weight in adults. This fact might be explained by the exposure to light of shorter wavelengths associated with altered sleep–wake cycle, daily rhythms of food intake, and disturbed metabolism ( 21 , 22 ). However, it is not clear what are the metabolic consequences of chronic screen light exposures in young children.…”